3 Menjama shalat Ustadz Ahmad Sarwat, Lc , MA seg 3 dari 5

Key Concepts:

• Jamak Shalat (Combining prayers)
• Safar (Travel)
• Haji (Pilgrimage)
• Illat (Underlying reason/cause)
• Masafah (Distance for travel)
• Mazhab (School of thought in Islamic jurisprudence)
• Fasakh (Unit of distance)
• Pos (驿站, Station)
• Qaul (Statement/opinion of a scholar)
• Shahih (Authentic, in reference to Hadith)

1. Haji and Safar as Reasons for Jamak

• The discussion revolves around the permissibility of combining prayers (Jamak) in Islam, specifically focusing on the reasons for it.
• The video revisits the topic of Safar (travel) as a valid reason for Jamak, building upon previous discussions about the criteria for being considered a "Musafir" (traveler).
• The permissibility of Jamak and Qashar (shortening prayers) during Hajj (pilgrimage) is discussed, referencing the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) practice and that of his companions.
• A key point of contention arises from a Hadith (Prophetic tradition) where the Prophet (PBUH) seemingly forbade the residents of Mecca from performing Jamak and Qashar during Hajj.
• This leads to a debate about the illat (underlying reason) for the Prophet's (PBUH) actions during Hajj: was it due to the pilgrimage itself or due to the state of Safar?
• The speaker argues that the prohibition for Meccans suggests that the illat was Safar, not Hajj itself. This contrasts with the Hanafi school of thought, which, according to the speaker, considers Hajj as the illat.

2. Distance of Safar According to Different Mazhabs

• The video highlights the differences in determining the masafah (distance) required to qualify as a traveler (Musafir) according to different Mazhabs (schools of thought).
• The Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali schools generally agree on a distance of approximately 89 kilometers (or miles).
• The Hanafi school, however, has a different criterion, drawing from Hadiths that mention a woman not traveling for more than three days.
• The speaker explains that in the Prophet's (PBUH) time, distances were often measured in days of travel rather than kilometers or miles.
• A "pos" (station) is described as a unit of distance traveled in half a day, with two "pos" typically covered in a full day of travel. One pos is equal to 4 fasakh.
• Calculations are presented to convert these historical units into modern measurements. Two days of travel (16 fasakh) is estimated to be around 90+ kilometers, while three days of travel (Hanafi view) is estimated to be around 135 kilometers.

3. Illness as a Reason for Jamak

• The discussion shifts to whether illness is a valid reason for performing Jamak outside of Safar or Hajj.
• Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal and Imam Malik are mentioned as scholars who permit Jamak due to illness.
• The Shafi'i school is presented as having differing opinions, with the majority view being that illness does not justify Jamak.
• The Kitab Al-Mughni by Imam Ibn Qudamah (representing the Hanbali view) is cited as supporting the permissibility of Jamak due to illness.
• The modern Fiqh book, Fiqh us-Sunnah by Said Sabiq, is mentioned as also supporting this view, attributing it to Hambali scholars, Ibn Sirin, and some Maliki and Shafi'i scholars.
• The argument in favor of allowing Jamak due to illness is based on the principle of easing hardship for Muslims, referencing the qaul (statement) of Ibn Abbas and Quranic verses about not burdening people in religion.

4. The Shafi'i Perspective on Illness and Jamak

• The video emphasizes the majority view within the Shafi'i school, which does not permit Jamak solely based on illness.
• Imam An-Nawawi is quoted as arguing that while the Prophet (PBUH) experienced illness multiple times, there is no Shahih (authentic) Hadith explicitly stating that he performed Jamak due to illness.
• The speaker criticizes the contemporary practice of some individuals who, without proper understanding or reference to authentic sources, perform Jamak frequently due to minor ailments, particularly within the Shafi'i context.
• The speaker concludes that, according to the majority Shafi'i view, illness is not a valid reason for performing Jamak.

5. Conclusion

• The video summarizes the three reasons discussed for performing Jamak: Safar, Hajj, and illness.
• It highlights the differences in opinion among the various Mazhabs regarding the criteria for Safar and the permissibility of Jamak due to illness.
• The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying reasons (illat) and relying on authentic sources when making decisions about religious practices like Jamak.