2 Menjama shalat Ustadz Ahmad Sarwat, Lc , MA seg 2 5

Key Concepts:

• Jamak Salat (Combining Prayers)
• Qashar Salat (Shortening Prayers)
• Safar (Travel) - Distance as the primary factor
• Haji (Pilgrimage)
• Khilafiyah (Differences of Opinion among Islamic Scholars)
• Masyaqqoh (Hardship) - Not the primary factor for determining Safar
• Darurat (Emergency)

1. Introduction to Jamak Salat and Factors Permitting It

• The discussion focuses on jamak salat (combining prayers), building upon previous explanations of its definition, permissibility, and categories.
• Unlike qashar salat (shortening prayers), which is primarily linked to safar (travel), jamak salat is permissible under a broader range of circumstances.
• The speaker emphasizes that while safar allows for both jamak and qashar, other factors only permit jamak.

2. Disagreement Among Scholars (Khilafiyah) Regarding Permissible Factors

• The speaker highlights that while the permissibility of jamak salat during safar is universally accepted (aklamasi), there are disagreements (khilafiyah) among scholars regarding other factors.
• Factors beyond safar that are debated include:
  • Rain
  • Sickness
  • Emergency situations

3. Haji vs. Safar: The Initial Point of Disagreement

• The speaker points out that the initial instance of jamak salat occurred during the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) haji (pilgrimage).
• This leads to a khilafiyah regarding whether the permissibility of jamak in this case was due to the haji itself or the safar involved in traveling to Mecca.
• Some scholars argue that the jamak was specifically linked to haji, while others attribute it to safar, as the Prophet's journey from Medina to Mecca was over 450 km and involved continuous jamak throughout the journey.

4. Listing of Potential Factors Permitting Jamak Salat

• The speaker lists five potential factors that may permit jamak salat:
  • Haji
  • Safar
  • Rain
  • Sickness
  • Emergency situations
• He reiterates that safar is the only factor universally agreed upon.

5. Detailed Explanation of Safar and Distance Requirements

• The speaker emphasizes that safar is primarily determined by distance, not the duration or difficulty of the journey (masyaqqoh).
• While some hadiths mention two days of travel, the key factor is the distance, which is approximately 16 fasa or 90 kilometers (88.704 km rounded up).
• Anyone traveling this distance, even if it takes a short time and is not physically demanding, is considered a musafir (traveler).
• The speaker stresses that masyaqqoh is subjective and cannot be a reliable basis for determining safar.

6. Prohibition of Qashar for Mecca Residents and its Implications for Jamak

• The speaker cites a hadith prohibiting residents of Mecca from performing qashar salat.
• This prohibition is linked to the distance requirement of safar. If the distance traveled is less than 16 fasa, qashar is not permissible.
• The speaker argues that this prohibition on qashar also implies a restriction on jamak when the distance requirement for safar is not met.
• He explains that qashar is permitted because of safar, and jamak is also permitted because of safar.

7. Common Misconceptions Regarding Safar and Jamak

• The speaker criticizes the common misconception that any difficulty or prolonged journey automatically justifies jamak salat.
• He gives the example of someone commuting between Ciledug and Sudirman (approximately 20 km), who may incorrectly assume they can perform jamak due to traffic delays.
• He clarifies that jamak, qashar, breaking fast during Ramadan, and not attending Friday prayers are all linked to the fulfillment of the distance requirement for safar.

8. Haji and Jamak: A Revisit

• The speaker concludes the segment by reiterating the khilafiyah surrounding haji as a factor permitting jamak.
• He poses the question of whether someone performing haji automatically qualifies for jamak and promises to address this in the next segment.

9. Conclusion

The main takeaway is that while jamak salat is permissible under certain circumstances, the primary and universally agreed-upon factor is safar, which is determined by a specific distance (approximately 90 km). Other factors, such as rain, sickness, and emergencies, are subject to scholarly disagreement. The speaker cautions against common misconceptions and emphasizes the importance of adhering to the distance requirement for safar before performing jamak or qashar.