1 Iqamah Ustadz Isnan Ansory, Lc , MA seg 1 dari 5

Key Concepts:

• Adzan dan Iqomah (Adhan and Iqama)
• Definisi Iqomah (Definition of Iqama)
• Hukum Iqomah (Ruling on Iqama): Sunnah Muakkadah (highly recommended) vs. Fardhu Kifayah (communal obligation)
• Lafadz Iqomah (Words of Iqama): Jumlah (number of repetitions), Tartib (order)
• Perbedaan Iqomah dan Adzan (Differences between Iqama and Adhan)
• Mazhab Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi'i, Hambali (The four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence)

1. Definisi Iqomah (Definition of Iqama)

• Secara bahasa (linguistically): Panggilan (call), berdiam (staying), menegakkan (establishing).
• Dalam konteks sholat berjamaah (in the context of congregational prayer): Pemberitahuan kepada orang-orang yang sudah siap untuk mendirikan salat berjamaah dengan menggunakan lafadz yang khusus dan cara yang khusus (Notification to those ready to perform congregational prayer using specific words and a specific manner).
• Ulama dari madzhab Hanafi Al Imam al-ghazali Ibnu gumamnya dalam bukunya fathul-qadir belum menyebutkan definisi iqomah dalam salat adalah ya alamul hydrin al-mujtahidin al-ishlah Bilqis Yami ilaih Abby al-fauzien mahfudzot in-house Fatin machfudzoh.

2. Hukum Iqomah (Ruling on Iqama)

• Jumhur Ulama (Majority of Scholars): Hanafi, Maliki, dan Syafi'i berpendapat bahwa iqomah hukumnya adalah sunnah muakkadah (highly recommended).
  • Dasar (basis): Hadits tentang orang yang keliru dalam salat (hadith about a person who made a mistake in prayer), di mana Rasulullah tidak memerintahkan iqomah saat menyuruh mengulangi salat (where the Prophet did not order iqama when instructing to repeat the prayer).
• Mazhab Hambali: Berpendapat bahwa iqomah hukumnya fardhu kifayah (communal obligation).
  • Dasar (basis): Iqomah dianggap sebagai syiar Islam (a symbol of Islam) yang harus ditegakkan (that must be upheld).
  • Jika sebuah kampung sepakat meninggalkan iqomah, pemerintah harus menegur dan meluruskan (if a community agrees to abandon iqama, the authorities must reprimand and correct them).

3. Lafadz Iqomah (Words of Iqama)

• Perbedaan dengan Adzan (Differences with Adhan):
  • Tambahan lafadz "qad qamatiṣ-ṣalāh" (the prayer has begun).
  • Lafadz-lafadz diulang sekali (words are repeated once) dalam iqomah, sedangkan dalam adzan diulang dua kali (while in adhan they are repeated twice).
• Hadits Riwayat Imam Bukhari dari Anas bin Malik: Nabi memerintahkan Bilal untuk menggandakan lafadz adzan dan mengganjilkan lafadz iqomah (The Prophet ordered Bilal to double the words of adhan and make the words of iqama odd).
• Hadits Riwayat Abu Dawud dan Nasa'i dari Abdullah bin Umar: Adzan pada masa Rasulullah dua kali dua kali, iqomah sekali-sekali (Adhan in the time of the Prophet was twice twice, iqama once once).
• Tartib (Order): Para ulama sepakat bahwa tartib (order) dalam iqomah harus seperti adzan (scholars agree that the order in iqama must be like adhan).
• Jumlah (Number of Repetitions):
  • Takbir (Allahu Akbar): Jumhur ulama (Maliki, Syafi'i, Hambali) sepakat dua kali (twice). Mazhab Hanafi mensunnahkan empat kali (recommends four times).
  • Tasyahud (Declaration of Faith): Jumhur ulama membaca satu kali (read once).

4. Perbedaan Pendapat dalam Jumlah Lafadz (Differences of Opinion in the Number of Words)

• Terdapat perbedaan pendapat di antara mazhab terkait jumlah pengulangan lafadz-lafadz tertentu dalam iqomah (There are differences of opinion among the schools of thought regarding the number of repetitions of certain words in iqama).
• Perbedaan ini terutama terlihat pada lafadz takbir (Allahu Akbar) dan tasyahud (declaration of faith) (These differences are mainly seen in the words of takbir (Allahu Akbar) and tasyahud (declaration of faith)).

5. Kesimpulan (Conclusion)

Iqomah adalah pemberitahuan bahwa salat berjamaah akan segera dimulai (Iqama is a notification that congregational prayer will begin soon). Hukumnya sunnah muakkadah menurut jumhur ulama (is highly recommended according to the majority of scholars), dan fardhu kifayah menurut mazhab Hambali (and a communal obligation according to the Hanbali school). Terdapat perbedaan dalam jumlah pengulangan lafadz antara iqomah dan adzan, serta perbedaan pendapat di antara mazhab terkait jumlah pengulangan lafadz tertentu dalam iqomah (There are differences in the number of repetitions of words between iqama and adhan, as well as differences of opinion among the schools of thought regarding the number of repetitions of certain words in iqama).