Kinh nghiệm kiểm soát ô nhiễm môi trường của Bắc Kinh (Trung Quốc) | VTV24

Key Concepts:

• Air pollution reduction in Beijing
• PM2.5 levels
• Economic growth and environmental improvement
• Industrial relocation and emission control
• Vehicle emission management (electric vehicles, public transport)
• Inter-regional cooperation on air quality management
• Policy and technology in environmental protection

Beijing's Air Quality Improvement: A Comprehensive Approach

Beijing, once notorious for severe air pollution, has achieved significant improvements across all air quality indicators. A key metric, the average PM2.5 concentration for the first 10 months of 2025, stood at a historic low of 26.5 µg/m³. This remarkable turnaround is attributed to a series of synchronized and decisive measures that have successfully balanced environmental protection with sustained economic growth.

Key Strategies and Initiatives

1. Industrial Relocation and Emission Control:

   • Moving Polluting Factories: Beijing has relocated numerous polluting factories from the city center to mitigate direct emissions within the urban area.
   • Managing Coal Combustion Emissions: Strict controls have been implemented on emissions from coal burning, both in industrial processes and for residential use.

2. Vehicle Emission Management:

   • Restricting Private Vehicle Use: Policies have been introduced to limit the number of private cars on the road.
   • Eliminating Old Vehicles: Older, more polluting vehicles are being phased out.
   • Promoting Electric and Public Transportation: Incentives are provided to encourage the adoption of electric cars and motorcycles, as well as the increased use of public transportation.
   • Subsidies for Vehicle Replacement: Financial incentives are offered to residents who trade in old vehicles for new ones, specifically encouraging the transition from gasoline-powered cars to electric vehicles.
   • Increased Registration Quotas for Electric Vehicles: The city has increased the quotas for registering electric vehicles.
   • Data on Electric Vehicle Adoption: In a testament to these policies, electric vehicles have accounted for over 50% of new car registrations for six consecutive months.

International Cooperation and Knowledge Sharing

The transcript highlights significant collaboration between Vietnam and China on environmental issues. During working sessions between Vietnam's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Beijing's municipal government, as well as China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment, valuable experiences in air quality management and addressing similar environmental challenges were shared.

Key Agreements and Future Directions for Cooperation:

• Enhanced Cooperation: Both sides have committed to strengthening cooperation and sharing expertise in tackling environmental pollution, particularly air pollution in urban areas. This is identified as a crucial direction for future collaboration.
• Core Principles for Air Quality Management:
  1. Strict Emission Source Control: Emphasizing the need for rigorous control over all emission sources.
  2. Inter-regional Approach: Recognizing that air pollution is not confined to a single locality or region, but requires a coordinated, inter-provincial, and inter-regional approach.
  3. Strengthened Inspection and Modern Technology: Increasing the frequency and rigor of inspections and audits, and equipping relevant bodies with modern technological tools for monitoring and enforcement.
• Proposed Collaborative Actions:
  • Joint Working Group: The establishment of a joint working group dedicated to air quality management is being considered.
  • Policy and Standard Development: Enhanced cooperation in developing policies and emission standards for vehicles.
  • Inter-regional Coordination Mechanisms: Support for building mechanisms for coordinated air quality management across different regions and provinces.
  • Human Resource Training and Technology Transfer: Collaboration in training skilled personnel and facilitating the research and transfer of air pollution control technologies.

Conclusion

Beijing's success in significantly improving its air quality serves as a compelling case study. The city's approach, characterized by a multi-pronged strategy encompassing industrial reform, stringent vehicle emission controls, and a strong emphasis on promoting cleaner transportation, demonstrates that environmental protection and economic development can be mutually reinforcing. The burgeoning cooperation between Vietnam and China in this domain underscores the global recognition of the need for shared strategies and technological advancements to combat the pervasive challenge of air pollution in urban centers. The emphasis on inter-regional collaboration and robust enforcement mechanisms are critical takeaways for any region aiming to replicate such positive environmental outcomes.