'We can't fill the void that America is leaving behind': EU foreign policy chief Kallas

Key Concepts

• International Law and Order: The principle that international relations should be governed by established rules and norms, rather than by the arbitrary exercise of power.
• United Nations Charter: The foundational treaty of the UN, outlining its purposes, principles, and the rights and obligations of its member states.
• Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity: The right of a state to govern itself without external interference and the inviolability of its borders.
• Ceasefire: A temporary suspension of fighting in a conflict.
• Hostages: Persons held captive and used as security for the fulfillment of an arrangement.
• Sustainable Peace: A peace that is long-lasting and addresses the root causes of conflict.
• EU Missions (EU POL-CPS, EUBAM Rafah): European Union civilian missions aimed at contributing to stabilization and security.
• Frozen Russian Assets: Assets belonging to the Russian state or individuals that have been seized and immobilized by international authorities.
• Reparation Loan: A loan provided to a country to compensate for damages or losses incurred due to conflict.
• Drone Wall: A proposed system to detect and intercept drones.
• National Competence: Areas of policy that are primarily the responsibility of individual member states within the EU.
• Free Trade: A policy of governments in which they do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.
• Mercursur: A South American trade bloc.
• Humanitarian Aid: Assistance provided to people in distress due to conflict or natural disaster.
• Geopolitical Power: A state's ability to influence international affairs through its political, economic, and military strength.

International Law Under Fire and the Need for Renewed Commitment

Kaja Kallas, the EU's High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, emphasizes the critical state of international law, which she states is "under heavy fire." She points to ongoing conflicts and wars globally as evidence that established principles, such as those enshrined in the UN Charter prohibiting the attack on another country's sovereignty or territorial integrity, are being violated. Kallas argues that international law is particularly crucial for protecting smaller countries from larger neighbors, and that if nations do not perceive current violations as a direct threat, it is only a matter of time before they are affected. She advocates for preserving a world order where "might does not make right," but rather where established rights govern interactions.

Gaza: Fragile Ceasefire and EU Contributions

Regarding the situation in Gaza, Kallas acknowledges the much-anticipated ceasefire and the release of hostages. However, she stresses that this was only the "first phase" and that a sustainable peace requires international backing. She describes the current situation as "very fragile." The EU is actively considering its contributions, mentioning its existing missions: EU POL-CPS and EUBAM Rafah, which are operating on the ground. The EU is exploring further actions to support international stabilization forces and contribute to achieving sustainable peace.

Shifting Moods in Europe: The Netherlands Election and Rising Powers

The outcome of the national elections in the Netherlands, where liberal and far-right parties were tied, with Geert Wilders' party taking a strong stance against Ukrainian refugees and migrants, is discussed as a potential indicator of a changing mood in Europe. Kallas notes that while there are positive signs, such as election results in Moldova where the EU assisted in combating disinformation, there are also rising powers across Europe questioning established norms and potentially pushing the EU in different directions. She characterizes these as "very turbulent times" and urges a focus on combating external adversaries.

Ukraine: Frozen Russian Assets and the Path Forward

The discussion addresses the deadlock over using frozen Russian assets to fund a reparation loan for Kyiv. Kallas clarifies that Belgium did not veto the deal but rather expressed concerns and sought answers. The European Commission has been tasked with developing a legislative proposal to address these concerns. She explains that Belgium holds a significant portion of these assets, and the EU operates on a principle of solidarity where burdens are shared according to size. Kallas emphasizes that Belgium is not alone in facing risks, citing Russian drone incursions into EU airspace.

EU Drone Wall and Defense Competencies

Kallas discusses the EU's initiative to build a "drone wall" and her statement that it will be operational within two years. She clarifies that defense remains a national competence, and the EU's role is to coordinate and bring member states together for projects that are too large for individual nations. She highlights the impressive innovation and rapid production of drone interceptors she witnessed in Ukraine, suggesting that the EU can learn from their experience.

Relations with the US and Trade Agreements

The interview touches upon the unpredictability of the Trump administration and its potential impact on Europe. Kallas suggests that while Trump prioritizes a "strong America," the EU remains committed to free trade and seeks to build partnerships with like-minded countries. The potential trade agreement with Mercosur is discussed, with Kallas acknowledging French concerns and highlighting the EU Commission's introduction of new safeguards, particularly for farmers. She recognizes the potential for backlash from groups like farmers, drawing parallels to past protests. Kallas warns that external powers seek to exploit internal divisions within European societies to weaken the EU.

Sudan: Unbearable Situation and EU Response

Kallas denounces the brutality of the Rapid Support Forces in Sudan and the ethnic cleansing of civilians, describing the situation as "unbearable" and noting its lack of media attention compared to other conflicts. The EU is calling on parties supporting warring factions with weapons to cease their involvement due to the immense human suffering. While the EU is a major provider of humanitarian aid, Kallas stresses that stability requires an end to the wars.

Great Lakes Region and Development Aid

Kallas participated in the Paris conference to support peace in the Great Lakes region of Africa. She emphasizes the importance of engaging with African partners and highlights that peace in Africa is crucial for Europe, as instability can lead to migration flows. While acknowledging pledges of humanitarian aid, including €129 million from the EU, she stresses that peace is a prerequisite for stability, prosperity, and investment.

Development Aid and Filling the Void

Responding to questions about the US cutting back on development aid and potential reductions in EU member states' development aid budgets, Kallas acknowledges that the US has withdrawn its support and that many countries are seeking to fill that void. However, she states that EU taxpayers cannot fill the void left by all countries and people worldwide. While the EU is a significant humanitarian aid donor, she believes that wealthier nations should share the burden with less affluent countries.

Kallas's Agenda: Making Europe a Geopolitical Power

As the EU's diplomatic chief for one year, Kallas outlines her agenda. She highlights her initial work on Syrian sanctions and relief. Her overarching goal is to make Europe a "geopolitical power" that matters on the world stage, whether in Africa, Latin America, Asia, or within Europe itself.