UK troops 'knowingly exposed' to toxic chemicals in Iraq War

Key Concepts

• Sodium Dichromate (Sodium Dromate): A highly toxic hexavalent chromium compound and known carcinogen.
• Karma Ali Water Treatment Plant: The site in Iraq where RAF soldiers were stationed and exposed to sodium dichromate.
• Hexavalent Chromium: A form of chromium known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties.
• Carcinogen: A substance capable of causing cancer.
• War Pension Scheme: A UK government scheme providing compensation for ill health related to military service.
• No-Fault Compensation: Compensation provided regardless of proving negligence.
• IEDs: Improvised Explosive Devices – a common threat faced by troops in Iraq.

Exposure to Toxic Chemical at Karma Ali: A Veteran’s Account

Introduction & Initial Deployment

In 2003, following the invasion of Iraq, approximately 88 RAF soldiers were deployed to the Karma Ali water treatment plant to provide security for the site, crucial for restoring Iraqi oil production. The plant, built in the 1970s, had fallen into disrepair. Soldiers were tasked with 24-hour guarding duties, unaware of the significant health risks present at the location. They were initially told the site was safe, and experienced no initial warnings about potential hazards. Contamination wasn’t limited to the immediate work area; uniforms, webbing, and even sleeping bags were all potentially contaminated.

Discovery of the Hazard & Continued Exposure

After over two and a half months of continuous presence, a sign was erected warning of a “chemical hazard” – specifically, sodium dichromate exposure – requiring full protective equipment and respirators. Despite this warning, and subsequent reports, troops were not removed from the site and continued to be exposed. Veterans report a lack of initial site surveys or handover procedures regarding potential dangers, leading to a situation where they were “knowingly kept exposed.”

Sodium Dichromate: Properties and Health Risks

Sodium dichromate is a hexavalent chromium compound, similar to the chemical highlighted in the Erin Brockovich case, known for contaminating groundwater. It’s used to prolong the lifespan of pipelines and equipment but is a recognized carcinogen linked to lung cancer and other health problems. A US Lieutenant Colonel stationed at Karma Ali around the same time as the RAF soldiers died in 2009, with the US Army attributing his death to sodium dichromate exposure.

Veteran Health Concerns & Symptoms

Over the past two decades, 13 out of 15 veterans interviewed by Sky News have reported experiencing health issues. These include cancers (four veterans diagnosed), brain tumors (one veteran), nosebleeds, rashes, and skin lesions. One veteran specifically described having recurring skin cancers requiring multiple operations. Many express fear about the long-term consequences of their exposure, stating their cancer is treatable but inevitably returns. A common sentiment is the inability to determine the cause of their illnesses, with veterans believing the shared exposure to sodium dichromate is not a coincidence. One veteran stated, “It can't be a coincidence that so many guys, random guys who were in the same area, come up with the same… symptoms. I would have thought.”

RAF Knowledge & Lack of Preventative Measures

A letter from the RAF’s Director of Health Services, dated 2003, reveals that the RAF was aware of the potential long-term health risks associated with sodium dichromate exposure. The chemical was classified as a “Class A consider,” indicating a strong link to cancer. The letter recommended identifying exposed personnel, annotating their medical records, and offering biological screening. However, none of the 15 veterans interviewed received any such screening or notification.

Government Response & Current Status

Veterans have sought answers and redress for over 20 years. Meetings were held with Labour MPs, including the current Defence Secretary John Healey, and the government in 2025. However, as of the report’s date, veterans report no concrete action has been taken to address the perceived injustice or mitigate ongoing health risks. The Ministry of Defence (MOD) stated that an environmental survey conducted after being alerted to the possible exposure showed levels were below UK guidance levels at the time of the survey. However, the MOD acknowledged that contamination levels were likely higher prior to cleanup efforts in 2004. The MOD also stated that medical treatment is available through defense medical services and that veterans can apply for no-fault compensation through the War Pension Scheme.

Veteran Frustration & Political Context

Veterans express frustration with the lack of support, particularly given their service to the country. One veteran highlighted the irony of being a working-class soldier sent to war by a Labour government, now facing health issues and a lack of resolution. He stated, “We are the working people of Britain… worried sick if we’re going to be alive today or tomorrow.” He also expressed pride in his service but questioned the decision to go to war in the first place.

Conclusion

The case of the RAF veterans exposed to sodium dichromate at the Karma Ali water treatment plant highlights a concerning lack of preventative measures, transparency, and adequate support for soldiers potentially harmed during their service. Despite evidence of the RAF’s awareness of the risks in 2003, veterans report a lack of screening, ongoing health concerns, and a frustratingly slow response from the government. The situation underscores the importance of prioritizing the health and well-being of military personnel and ensuring accountability for potential exposures to hazardous materials.