Tiêu Điểm: Các công trình chống ngập tại Hà Nội 'chạy đua' hoàn thành trước mùa mưa | VTV24

Key Concepts

• Hồ điều hòa (Retention Basin): Artificial lakes designed to store excess rainwater temporarily to prevent urban flooding.
• Trạm bơm điều tiết (Regulating Pumping Station): Facilities designed to manage water flow, either by pumping water out during floods or supplementing water levels during dry seasons.
• Bể ngầm (Underground Storage Tank): Subterranean structures used for localized water retention in dense urban areas.
• Kênh dẫn (Conveyance Canal): Channels designed to transport water from urban areas to major rivers (e.g., Nhuệ River).
• Đồng bộ hóa hạ tầng (Infrastructure Synchronization): The critical need for alignment between pumping capacity and the canal network to ensure operational efficiency.

1. Overview of Emergency Anti-Flooding Projects

Hanoi is currently executing 12 emergency anti-flooding projects to mitigate urban inundation before the upcoming rainy season. The city is operating like a massive construction site, with contractors working in three shifts, 24/7, to meet strict deadlines.

• Retention Basins: Seven new projects are underway, including Mỹ Trì (12 ha, 600,000 m³ capacity), Thụy Phương 2, Yên Nghĩa 1 & 2, Liên Mạc 1, and Chèn. Total investment exceeds 5,000 billion VND.
• Strategic Importance: These basins act as "giant sponges" to store water during heavy rainfall, allowing pumping stations time to discharge water gradually, preventing localized flooding.

2. Key Infrastructure Projects

• Thụy Phương Canal Project: A 920 billion VND project spanning 7 km (partially underground). It serves a "two-in-one" function: supplementing water for the Tô Lịch River during the dry season and draining floodwater into the Nhuệ River during storms.
  • Progress: Despite a normal 3-year construction timeline, the project is being fast-tracked to finish in roughly 3 months (over 60% complete).
  • Challenges: Tight construction space due to traffic and existing underground utilities.
• Hàng Gia Underground Tank: A pilot project (30 billion VND, 2,500 m³ capacity) using pre-cast reinforced concrete modules to minimize environmental impact and speed up construction in the dense city center.

3. Methodologies and Execution

• Accelerated Construction: Contractors are utilizing maximum machinery and labor (e.g., 500 workers and 150 pieces of equipment for the Thụy Phương project) to compress timelines.
• Technical Approach: Use of pre-cast concrete components for underground tanks to reduce site disruption and ensure rapid assembly.
• Operational Strategy: The "Thụy Phương Regulating Pumping Station" (capacity 5 m³/s) is identified as the "heart" of the northern drainage system, providing flexible water management.

4. Critical Analysis: The "Yên Nghĩa" Lesson

The report highlights a significant cautionary case study: the Yên Nghĩa Pumping Station.

• The Paradox: Despite being the largest in Hanoi (10 units, 12 m³/s each), it has never operated at full capacity since its 2020 completion.
• Root Cause: The "La Khê" canal, intended to feed the station, was stalled for years due to land clearance issues and illegal waste dumping, creating a "bottleneck."
• Key Takeaway: Pumping capacity is useless without a synchronized, clear, and functional conveyance system.

5. Expert Perspectives and Recommendations

• Infrastructure Bottlenecks: Leaders from the Vietnam National Committee on Large Dams and Water Resources emphasize that flooding is caused not just by rain, but by clogged drainage and insufficient canal capacity.
• Proposed Solutions:
  • Distributed Storage: Shift focus toward decentralized underground storage tanks to reduce pressure on the main system.
  • Socialization: Encourage private real estate developers to take responsibility for local drainage infrastructure.
  • Long-term Planning: Anti-flooding must move beyond "emergency" responses to a sustainable, long-term urban management strategy that addresses the consequences of rapid "concrete-ization."

6. Notable Quotes

• "The progress is the top priority, but quality is equally important for all project components." — Representative of the construction contractor.
• "The paradox of a pumping station waiting for water shows the inadequacy of anti-flooding efforts when the main pumping station is not synchronized with the canal system." — Synthesis of the report's findings.

Conclusion

Hanoi’s current race against the rainy season is a necessary emergency measure to protect urban life. However, the success of these 5,000+ billion VND investments depends entirely on synchronization. As evidenced by the Yên Nghĩa project, building capacity without ensuring the connectivity of the entire drainage network leads to wasted resources. The ultimate test for these projects will be their performance during the upcoming rainy season, which will serve as the definitive metric for the city's urban planning effectiveness.