Thời tiết 10/12: Nhiều nơi ở Bắc Bộ tiếp tục ô nhiễm không khí, Nam Bộ có nơi mưa to | VTV24

Key Concepts

• Air Pollution in Hanoi: Severe air quality, AQI above 150 (bad/red level), ranking sixth most polluted city globally.
• Southern Vietnam Rainfall: Unseasonal rain in the South, impacting aquaculture, with heavy rainfall expected in coastal areas of Vĩnh Long, Cần Thơ, and Cà Mau.
• Central Vietnam Rainfall: Heavy rain from Huế to Lâm Đồng, with very heavy rainfall in Xuyên Hải, posing risks of flash floods and landslides.
• Global Climate Change: 2025 predicted to be the second hottest year, approaching the 1.5°C warming threshold.
• Environmental Crisis: Interconnected issues of climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and pollution.
• Marine Weather: Strong winds and rough seas in the South China Sea, including Hoàng Sa and Trường Sa.

Air Pollution in Northern Vietnam

Current Situation: The air quality in Hanoi and many northern provinces remains severely polluted. Mornings and nights are particularly affected by a "white toxic fog." Despite people wearing masks, some experience difficulty breathing and serious respiratory issues.

Data and Figures:

• The Air Quality Index (AQI) in Thái Nguyên, Hưng Yên, Ninh Bình, Hải Phòng, Phú Thọ, and Hanoi exceeded 150, indicating a "bad" or "red" alert level.
• According to the US-based IQAir app, Hanoi ranked as the sixth most polluted city globally.

Outlook and Recommendations:

• Air quality is expected to improve gradually with the arrival of cold air and rain from the previous night.
• However, today and tomorrow will remain the most polluted periods, especially from night to morning.
• Recommendations for health protection:
  • Limit outdoor activities during peak pollution times.
  • Wear masks when going outside.
  • Rinse nasal passages and throat with saline solution upon returning home.

Unseasonal Rainfall in Southern Vietnam

Impact on Aquaculture: The unseasonal rain in the South, following a prolonged dry spell, is expected to affect aquaculture, particularly shrimp and brackish water fish farms.

Rainfall Forecast:

• Affected Areas: Coastal regions of Vĩnh Long, Cần Thơ, and Cà Mau are likely to experience moderate to heavy rainfall. These are also key aquaculture zones.
• Duration: Rain is forecast from this afternoon until tomorrow.
• Rainfall Amounts:
  • Total rainfall expected: 20-50 mm.
  • Localized areas: Over 100 mm.
  • Concentration: Coastal areas of the Mekong Delta.
• Improvement: Rainfall is expected to decrease significantly from Friday, with the South returning to sunny, dry weather.

Recommendations for Aquaculture Farmers:

• Mitigation for Heavy Rain (>100 mm):
  • Cover small ponds with tarpaulins.
  • Increase water circulation (aeration).
  • Supplement with minerals and Vitamin C to boost the immune system of aquatic species.
• Post-Rainfall Monitoring:
  • Immediately check and adjust pH and alkalinity levels to prevent sudden fluctuations.

Heavy Rainfall in Central Vietnam

Current Situation: Central Vietnam is experiencing significant rainfall, with localized heavy downpours reported in areas like Đà Nẵng, Gia Lai, and Đắk Lắk.

Rainfall Forecast:

• Duration: Rain is expected to continue until tonight.
• Affected Areas: From Huế to Lâm Đồng.
• Intensity:
  • Xuyên Hải (coastal): Very heavy rain, potentially exceeding 150 mm in some locations.
  • Other areas: 40-70 mm.
  • Central Highlands: Less rain, localized areas exceeding 70 mm.
• Subsequent Pattern: Rainfall will decrease for about three days before a new period of heavy rain from the night of December 13th to 15th.

Causes of Rainfall: The heavy rain is attributed to a combination of factors:

1. Northeast Monsoon: Cold air from the northeast.
2. Upper-Level Easterly Winds: Winds at higher altitudes.
3. Low-Pressure System: The circulation of a low-pressure area in the southern South China Sea.

Risks and Warnings:

• Flash Floods and Landslides: The ground, already saturated from previous rains, is highly susceptible to flash floods and landslides, especially on mountain slopes and plateaus from Huế to Lâm Đồng.
• Warning Signs:
  • Sounds of colliding rocks and soil.
  • Breaking tree branches.
  • Visible cracks or subsidence.
  • Streamwater turning from clear to muddy.
• Evacuation: Immediate evacuation is advised for residents living near hillsides and streams upon observing these signs.

Global Climate Change and Environmental Crisis

Future Climate Projections:

• 2025: Predicted to be the second hottest year on record, equaling 2023 and trailing the record-breaking 2024.
• Global Warming Threshold: Global average temperatures are nearing the 1.5°C threshold above pre-industrial levels.

Recent Temperature Data:

• November: The third hottest November on record, with a global average temperature increase of 1.54°C above pre-industrial levels.
• Ocean Surface Temperatures: Unusually high in November, reaching 20.42°C between 60°S and 60°N (fourth highest recorded for November).

United Nations Report Findings:

• Environmental Crisis: The world faces a severe environmental crisis threatening human health and the planet.
• Interconnected Issues: Climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and pollution are closely linked.
• Required Solutions: Comprehensive strategies are needed, including increased investment in transitioning away from fossil fuels, sustainable agriculture, and waste reduction.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Investment:

• Record Emissions: Greenhouse gas emissions reached record highs in 2024.
• Temperature Rise Projection: Global temperatures could rise by 2.4°C by the end of the century.
• Net-Zero Investment: Approximately $8 trillion USD in annual investment is required to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
• International Cooperation: Challenges exist in international cooperation.
• Call to Action: Experts urge governments, businesses, and individuals to act for a sustainable future.

Weather Updates and Marine Conditions

Central Vietnam Rainfall (Detailed):

• Recent Rainfall: Localized heavy rain (44-79 mm) in Đà Nẵng, Gia Lai, and Đắk Lắk from last night to this morning.
• Current Conditions: Moist clouds continue to bring continuous rain from Đà Nẵng to Khánh Hòa.
• Causes: Combination of northeast monsoon, upper-level easterly winds, and influence from a low-pressure system in the southern South China Sea.
• Forecast (until tonight):
  • Huế to Lâm Đồng (east of Đà Nẵng): 40-70 mm, with localized areas exceeding 150 mm.
  • Central Highlands: Localized heavy rain over 70 mm.
• Risks: High risk of flash floods and landslides due to saturated soil.

Southern Vietnam Rainfall (Detailed):

• Unseasonal Rain: Starting this afternoon, expected to last for about two days.
• Associated Phenomena: Likely to be accompanied by thunderstorms, lightning, and strong winds.
• Rainfall Amounts:
  • General: 20-50 mm.
  • Localized: Over 100 mm in a short period, potentially causing localized flooding.
• Current Conditions (until noon): Scattered showers, with intermittent sunshine.
• Temperatures: Below 32°C in most areas, including Bến Thành ward, Ho Chi Minh City.

Northern Vietnam Weather:

• Outlook: More stable weather.
• Afternoon: Sunny and warm conditions returning.
• Temperature Rise: Nearly 10°C increase from early morning.
• High Temperatures: 24-27°C in most areas.

Marine Weather:

• Hoàng Sa (Paracel Islands): Strong northeast winds (Force 6-7, gusts 8-9), rough seas.
• Trường Sa (Spratly Islands): Forecast for thunderstorms with potential for waterspouts.
• Western Trường Sa: Strong northeast winds (Force 6-7, gusts 8-9), rough seas.