"The Next Space Race" panel at Davos

Key Concepts

• Shift in Space Exploration: The current “New Space Race” is driven by commercial opportunities and sustainable presence, differing from the Cold War’s geopolitical focus.
• Commercialization & Public-Private Partnerships: Private companies are increasingly central to space activities, requiring public agencies to act as anchor clients and support standardization.
• LEO & Future Space Stations: Development focuses on LEO infrastructure, with Starlab planned as a successor to the ISS by 2029.
• Importance of Collaboration & Storytelling: International cooperation and positive narratives are crucial for public support and shaping a beneficial future in space.
• AI & Human Role in Space: The evolving roles of AI and automation are being considered alongside the irreplaceable value of human experience and connection.

The Evolving Landscape of Space Exploration

The discussion began by differentiating the current era of space exploration from the Cold War, highlighting a shift from geopolitical competition to a focus on establishing a sustainable presence in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and beyond, fueled by commercial opportunities and technological convergence. Launch costs have dramatically decreased – from approximately €25,000/kg to €2,500/kg, with potential for €250/kg with Starship – driven by innovations like SpaceX’s reusability. More satellites were launched in 2025 than in the entire history of spaceflight up to the end of 2024, demonstrating the rapid acceleration of activity.

Commercialization and the Role of Public Agencies

A central theme was the increasing role of private companies, with Dylan Taylor emphasizing space as a “general purpose technology” impacting diverse sectors. Aen Esparza of The Exploration Company highlighted the importance of public agencies, like the European Space Agency (ESA), acting as clients to stimulate private investment, citing ESA’s €25 million investment which leveraged over €300 million in private funding. The discussion underscored the need for public agencies to assist SMEs in meeting international safety standards, particularly for docking with the International Space Station (ISS). The Exploration Company is actively developing a cargo capsule (with two prototypes flown) and plans a human-rated capsule and rocket, aiming for ISS missions by 2028, and is currently acquiring a small rocket company.

Future Infrastructure & Human Spaceflight

Dylan Taylor introduced Starlab, a planned space station in partnership with Airbus and Mitsubishi, intended as a replacement for the ISS by 2029. Samantha Cristoforetti clarified the distinction between LEO (around 400km, where the ISS resides) and geostationary orbit. The focus is on developing vehicles for cargo and potentially human transport to and from LEO. Space for Humanity, founded by Taylor, sends individuals to space in exchange for contributions to Earth-based initiatives, exemplified by the missions of Ed Dwight (the first astronaut selectee by President Kennedy to fly at age 92), the first Mexican-born female astronaut, and the first Arab-born female astronaut.

Challenges & Opportunities for SMEs

A key concern raised was the systemic constraints facing SMEs in a more cooperative space model, primarily the lack of standardized requirements and qualifications. The panel emphasized the need for a governing body to establish international standards to reduce costs and facilitate SME integration. The role of agencies like ESA and NASA was highlighted as “translators” to help companies meet safety standards.

Shaping Public Perception & the Future of Humanity

Jennifer Rogers prompted a discussion on the importance of storytelling, with Taylor advocating for focusing on the positive potential of space, particularly microgravity research for advancements in stem cell regeneration and organ printing, through partnerships like the Vista research consortium with the University of Zurich. Taylor presented a thought experiment framing the future as a choice between the “first human born in space” and the “first combat fatality in space,” arguing for collaboration and scientific advancement. He emphasized the collaborative spirit of the astronaut corps, incompatible with a “me first” attitude.

AI, Automation & the Human Element

The potential for AI and robotics in space exploration was explored, acknowledging latency challenges but noting rapid advancements in AI intelligence. Autonomous robots could potentially perform tasks like mining Helium-3 on the moon more efficiently than humans. However, Samantha Cristoforetti shared a personal anecdote about the value of the human element, noting that people connected more with her pictures from space than with higher-quality satellite images. This raised questions about the meaningfulness of experiencing space through avatars versus direct human experience, and the possibility of sending a robotically embodied intelligence beyond the solar system, building on the legacy of the Voyager probes.

Conclusion

The discussion underscored a pivotal moment in space exploration, characterized by a shift towards commercialization, international collaboration, and the integration of new technologies like AI. Successfully navigating this evolving landscape requires standardized regulations, robust public-private partnerships, and a compelling narrative that emphasizes the benefits of space exploration for humanity. Ultimately, the future of space hinges on prioritizing collaboration and scientific advancement to ensure a positive and sustainable presence beyond Earth.