The new face of Japan’s Coming of AgeーNHK WORLD-JAPAN NEWS

Key Concepts

• Sei Nohi (成人の日): Coming of Age Day in Japan, traditionally marking the transition to adulthood at age 20.
• Declining Birth Rate (少子化): A significant demographic trend in Japan, impacting the number of young adults.
• Foreign National Participation: Increasing presence of foreign nationals in Coming of Age Day ceremonies and within the 20-year-old demographic.
• Multiculturalism (多文化主義): The concept of embracing and integrating diverse cultures within Japanese society.
• Technical Intern Program: A Japanese government program allowing foreign nationals to gain skills and contribute to the workforce.

Changing Demographics and Coming of Age Day in Japan

The traditional Coming of Age Day (Sei Nohi) ceremonies in Japan are experiencing a demographic shift, with a growing number of foreign nationals participating alongside Japanese citizens. Celebrations took place across the country over the weekend for those turning or having turned 20 in the current fiscal year, despite the legal age of adulthood being lowered to 18. Sei Nohi remains a culturally significant milestone representing entry into self-reliant adulthood. Events in Kyoto featured performances by those coming of age, while in Ishikawa Prefecture’s Noto region, ceremonies included reflections on the recent New Year’s Day earthquake and prayers for recovery. Participants expressed gratitude to their families and aspirations for the future, with one individual stating, “I want to boost my potential as a human being so I can play a greater role in society.”

Demographic Trends and Statistical Data

The number of Japanese nationals reaching age 20 has decreased by over 100,000 in the past decade, currently standing at approximately 112,000. Conversely, the number of foreign nationals aged 20 has more than doubled to nearly 100,000 during the same period. In Tokyo’s 23 wards, foreign nationals now comprise one in six people, with Shinjuku Ward exhibiting the highest proportion at 49%, largely due to its concentration of Japanese language schools and international students. The overall fertility rate in Japan has reached a record low in 2024, with a total fertility rate of 1.15 children per woman, dropping to 0.96 in Tokyo.

Factors Contributing to the Shift

NHK World’s Ohashi Kanoko explained that the declining birth rate is a primary driver of the decrease in Japanese nationals reaching adulthood. Simultaneously, the Japanese government and universities have actively sought to increase the number of foreign exchange students, who constitute approximately 70% of the foreign national 20-year-old population in Tokyo. The Technical Intern Program, designed to address the shrinking domestic workforce, has also contributed to the influx of foreign nationals. The participation of foreign nationals in Coming of Age Day ceremonies is viewed positively as a cultural experience.

Initiatives for Inclusivity and Addressing Concerns

Municipalities are generally welcoming to foreign nationals at Coming of Age Day ceremonies, extending participation to all 20-year-old residents regardless of nationality. Toshima Ward in Tokyo offers a free kimono lending service through a nonprofit organization, enabling foreign students to participate in the traditional attire. However, this initiative has recently faced online criticism and approximately 80 complaints from Japanese nationals claiming unfair preferential treatment. Officials clarified that the service is available to all residents, irrespective of nationality, and similar free services exist for Japanese citizens.

Expert Perspectives on Multiculturalism

A professor specializing in multiculturalism emphasized the need for increased dialogue and exchange to foster better integration. He argued that foreign nationals will develop into skilled individuals who can serve as bridges between Japan and their home countries, ultimately benefiting everyone. He stated, “It’s vital to provide more opportunities for dialogue and exchange at the community level.” This perspective highlights the importance of proactive measures to address potential tensions and promote harmonious coexistence.

Real-World Application and Personal Experiences

A young woman participating in the Shinjuku ceremony expressed her happiness at being included in an official event, reflecting a broader desire for inclusivity. This sentiment underscores the relevance of the demographic shift and the need for continued efforts to create a welcoming environment for all residents.

Conclusion

The changing demographics of Japan, particularly the declining birth rate and increasing presence of foreign nationals, are significantly impacting traditional events like Coming of Age Day. While initiatives are in place to promote inclusivity, addressing misinformation and fostering open dialogue are crucial for ensuring harmonious integration and maximizing the benefits of a multicultural society. The trend of increasing foreign national participation is expected to continue, making this topic increasingly relevant for Japan’s future.