The Message (film 1976) HD Quality 1080p | Sub Indonesia

Key Concepts

• Islam: Submission to the will of God (Allah).
• Muhammad: The final prophet in Islam, believed to have received revelations from God.
• Quran: The holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God.
• Mecca: A major trading city in Arabia and the holiest city in Islam, containing the Kaaba.
• Medina: The city to which Muhammad and his followers migrated (the Hijra), marking a turning point for Islam.
• Kaaba: A cube-shaped building in Mecca, considered the most sacred site in Islam, originally built by Abraham.
• Hijra: The migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD.
• Ummah: The Muslim community.
• Jihad: Struggle or striving in the way of God; can include internal spiritual struggle or external defense of Islam.

The Birth of Islam in Mecca (610 AD)

• Mecca's Religious Landscape: Mecca was a rich trading city with a polytheistic religious system centered around the Kaaba, which housed 360 idols. The city's wealth was tied to the annual pilgrimage to the Kaaba.
• Muhammad's Early Life: Muhammad, around 40 years old, was troubled by the social injustices and idolatry in Mecca. He would retreat to a cave on Mount Hira for contemplation.
• The First Revelation: In 610 AD, Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel, commanding him to "Read in the name of thy Lord who created." This marked the beginning of his prophethood.
• Early Converts: Muhammad shared his experience with his wife Khadija, his cousin Ali, and his friend Abu Bakr, who became some of the first Muslims.
• Opposition from Meccan Elite: Muhammad's message of one God (Allah) and social justice threatened the power and wealth of the Meccan merchants, who profited from the polytheistic pilgrimage. They saw his teachings as blasphemous and a threat to their traditions.
• Offer of Compromise: The Meccan leaders offered Muhammad wealth, power, and status if he would abandon his message, but he refused, stating, "Were they to put the Sun in my right hand and the Moon in my left, I would not renounce my message which is from God."

Persecution and the Migration to Abyssinia

• Growing Opposition: Muhammad's followers faced increasing persecution, including verbal abuse, social ostracism, and physical violence.
• The Quran: Muhammad continued to receive revelations, which were memorized and written down, forming the Quran.
• Migration to Abyssinia: To protect his followers, Muhammad advised some of them to migrate to Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia), ruled by a Christian king known for his justice.
• Meccan Attempt to Extradite Muslims: The Meccans sent envoys to Abyssinia to demand the return of the Muslim refugees, arguing that they were rebels against their ancestral religion.
• Jafar's Defense of Islam: Jafar, a Muslim refugee, defended Islam before the Abyssinian king, explaining its teachings of one God, truthfulness, and social justice. He recited verses from the Quran about Jesus and Mary, highlighting the similarities between Islam and Christianity.
• The Abyssinian King's Decision: Impressed by Jafar's explanation, the king refused to hand over the Muslims, granting them protection in his kingdom.

The Year of Grief and the Pledge of Aqaba

• Social Boycott: The Meccans imposed a social and economic boycott on Muhammad's clan, the Banu Hashim, forcing them into exile in a desolate valley.
• The Year of Grief: Muhammad faced immense personal loss with the death of his wife Khadija and his protector uncle Abu Talib.
• Journey to Taif: Seeking support, Muhammad traveled to the city of Taif, but he was rejected and stoned by the people there.
• The Pledge of Aqaba: A group of men from Medina, a city plagued by internal conflict, met Muhammad secretly at Aqaba and pledged their allegiance to him. They invited him to Medina to be their leader and to resolve their disputes.
• Conditions of the Pledge: The Medinans pledged to worship only one God, to obey Muhammad, and to defend him as they would defend their own families.

The Hijra (Migration to Medina)

• The Hijra: In 622 AD, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina, marking a turning point in the history of Islam. This event is known as the Hijra and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
• Meccan Plot to Assassinate Muhammad: The Meccans plotted to assassinate Muhammad to prevent him from establishing a power base in Medina.
• Ali's Sacrifice: Ali risked his life by sleeping in Muhammad's bed to deceive the assassins.
• Escape to Medina: Muhammad and Abu Bakr escaped Mecca and traveled to Medina, guided by a Bedouin.
• Reception in Medina: The people of Medina welcomed Muhammad and his followers with open arms, offering them shelter and support.

Establishing the Muslim Community in Medina

• Building the First Mosque: Muhammad established the first mosque in Medina as a place of worship and community gathering.
• Brotherhood: Muhammad established a bond of brotherhood between the Meccan migrants (Muhajirun) and the Medinan helpers (Ansar), fostering unity and mutual support.
• The Adhan: The call to prayer (Adhan) was instituted, using the human voice to summon Muslims to prayer.
• The Constitution of Medina: Muhammad established a constitution that guaranteed religious freedom and equal rights for all citizens of Medina, including Jews and Christians.
• Social Reforms: Muhammad implemented social reforms, such as prohibiting the burial of newborn girls and promoting the rights of women and slaves.

Conflict with Mecca and the Battle of Badr

• Meccan Confiscation of Muslim Property: The Meccans confiscated the property of the Muslim migrants who had left Mecca for Medina.
• Raids on Meccan Caravans: The Muslims began raiding Meccan caravans to recover their stolen property and to weaken the Meccan economy.
• The Battle of Badr: In 624 AD, a small Muslim force of 313 men faced a much larger Meccan army at the Battle of Badr. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims won a decisive victory, which was seen as a sign of God's favor.
• Rules of Engagement: Muhammad established rules of engagement for warfare, prohibiting the killing of women, children, and non-combatants, as well as the destruction of property.
• Treatment of Prisoners: Muhammad treated the prisoners of war with compassion, offering them education and the opportunity to earn their freedom.

The Battle of Uhud and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

• The Battle of Uhud: In 625 AD, the Meccans sought revenge for their defeat at Badr and attacked Medina at the Battle of Uhud. The Muslims initially had the upper hand, but a mistake by the archers led to a Meccan counterattack and a Muslim defeat.
• Hamza's Martyrdom: Hamza, Muhammad's uncle and a key figure in the Muslim community, was killed at the Battle of Uhud.
• The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: In 628 AD, Muhammad attempted to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca, but the Meccans blocked his way. After negotiations, the two sides signed the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, a ten-year truce.
• Controversial Terms: The terms of the treaty were seen as unfavorable to the Muslims, but Muhammad accepted them, recognizing the long-term benefits of peace.

The Conquest of Mecca and Muhammad's Final Sermon

• Breach of the Treaty: The Meccans violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, prompting Muhammad to mobilize his forces to conquer Mecca.
• The Conquest of Mecca: In 630 AD, Muhammad entered Mecca with an army of 10,000 men. The Meccans surrendered without resistance, and Muhammad declared a general amnesty.
• Destruction of Idols: Muhammad destroyed the idols in the Kaaba, restoring it to its original purpose as a place of worship for one God.
• Muhammad's Forgiveness: Muhammad forgave his former enemies, demonstrating his mercy and compassion.
• The Farewell Pilgrimage: In 632 AD, Muhammad performed his Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca, where he delivered his final sermon.
• Muhammad's Final Sermon: In his final sermon, Muhammad emphasized the importance of unity, equality, and social justice. He declared that all Muslims are brothers and that there is no superiority based on race or ethnicity. He also emphasized the importance of treating women with respect and kindness.
• The Completion of the Revelation: During the Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammad received the final revelation of the Quran, declaring that Islam was now complete.

Muhammad's Death and Legacy

• Muhammad's Death: Muhammad died in Medina in 632 AD at the age of 63.
• Abu Bakr's Leadership: Abu Bakr, Muhammad's close companion, became the first caliph (leader) of the Muslim community.
• The Enduring Legacy of Islam: The religion of Islam spread rapidly throughout Arabia and beyond, transforming the lives of millions of people. Islam's teachings of one God, social justice, and equality continue to inspire people around the world today.

Notable Quotes

• Muhammad: "Were they to put the Sun in my right hand and the Moon in my left, I would not renounce my message which is from God."
• Muhammad: "There is no compulsion in religion."
• Muhammad: "All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action."
• Abu Bakr: "If anyone worships Muhammad, let him know that Muhammad is dead, but he who worships God, let him know that God is alive and cannot die."

Technical Terms and Concepts

• Revelation: The process by which God communicates with his prophets.
• Prophet: A messenger of God who receives revelations and conveys them to humanity.
• Polytheism: The belief in multiple gods.
• Monotheism: The belief in one God.
• Caliph: The leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad.
• Sunnah: The teachings and practices of Muhammad, which serve as a guide for Muslims.
• Sharia: Islamic law, based on the Quran and the Sunnah.

Logical Connections

The video presents a chronological narrative of the rise of Islam, starting with Muhammad's first revelation and ending with his death and the establishment of Islam as a major religion. Each section builds upon the previous one, showing how Muhammad's message gradually gained followers, faced opposition, and ultimately triumphed. The video highlights the key events and figures that shaped the early history of Islam, emphasizing the importance of faith, perseverance, and social justice.

Synthesis/Conclusion

The video provides a detailed account of the birth of Islam, focusing on the life and teachings of Muhammad, the challenges he faced, and the ultimate success of his mission. It emphasizes the core principles of Islam, such as monotheism, social justice, and equality, and highlights the key events that shaped the early history of the religion. The video portrays Muhammad as a compassionate leader, a skilled diplomat, and a divinely inspired prophet who transformed the lives of millions of people. The main takeaways are the importance of faith, the power of perseverance in the face of adversity, and the enduring legacy of Islam as a major world religion.