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Key Concepts

• Phương thức xét tuyển đại học: University admission methods.
• Xét tuyển học bạ: Admission based on high school academic records (grades).
• Điểm thi tốt nghiệp trung học phổ thông: High school graduation exam scores.
• Chứng chỉ ngoại ngữ quốc tế: International language certificates.
• Chứng chỉ đánh giá năng lực/tư duy: Aptitude/thinking assessment certificates.
• Trường Đại học Công nghệ Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội (UET): University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
• Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội: Hanoi University of Science and Technology.
• Đại học Kinh tế Quốc dân: National Economics University.
• Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo: Ministry of Education and Training.
• Công bằng trong tuyển sinh: Fairness in admissions.
• Chất lượng tuyển sinh: Quality of student intake.
• Chương trình giáo dục phổ thông 2018: 2018 General Education Program.

Summary of University Admission Trends in Vietnam (2024-2025)

This summary details the evolving landscape of university admissions in Vietnam, focusing on the significant shift away from using high school academic records (học bạ) as a primary admission criterion by many leading universities.

1. Shift Away from "Xét Tuyển Học Bạ"

• Context: The Ministry of Education and Training (Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo) has prompted universities to announce their admission plans for the 2024 academic year. A notable trend is the decision by many institutions to discontinue or significantly reduce the weight of "xét tuyển học bạ" (admission based on high school grades).
• "Xét Tuyển Học Bạ" as One of Many Methods: This method is one of 17 recognized admission pathways, alongside high school graduation exam scores, international language certificates, and aptitude/thinking assessment certificates.
• Concerns about "Học Bạ": A primary driver for this shift is the concern that "xét tuyển học bạ" does not adequately guarantee the quality of admitted students. Opinions suggest that academic records may not be entirely truthful or consistent across different high schools nationwide.

2. Key Universities' Stance and Rationale

• Trường Đại học Công nghệ Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội (UET):
  • Reasoning: UET has not used "học bạ" for admission for many years. They prioritize admission based on:
    1. High school academic performance (general).
    2. National high school graduation exam scores.
    3. Hanoi National University's aptitude assessment (HSA).
  • Specific Detail: UET states that relying on "học bạ" from various schools across the country lacks sufficient rigor for their high-quality admissions. They note that some programs require over 9 points per subject in the graduation exam, and they also consider national and international awardees.
• Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội:
  • Decision: This university has completely eliminated "xét tuyển học bạ" as an admission criterion.
  • Previous Practice: Previously, "học bạ" was a supplementary criterion for admitting talented students.
  • New Approach: Analysis over past years showed little difference in average "học bạ" scores among students who were already qualified for the talented student track (i.e., those with outstanding academic achievements, research, or competition awards). Therefore, they are replacing the 40% weight previously given to academic performance with scores from the thinking assessment exam (đánh giá tư duy) starting from 2016.
• Đại học Kinh tế Quốc dân (National Economics University):
  • Past Practice: Previously used "học bạ" as a combined criterion, particularly for students from specialized high schools.
  • Current Practice: Has completely abandoned "học bạ" for the past five years, focusing instead on high school graduation exam scores.
  • Rationale: They highly value the national graduation exam results for ensuring fairness and universality across the country. Given that their student body comes from all regions of Vietnam, they believe using the graduation exam scores is sufficient for overall fairness and that "học bạ" is not necessary.

3. Ministry of Education and Training's Involvement and Data

• Consultation: The Ministry of Education and Training has solicited feedback from universities regarding the potential elimination of using 3-year high school academic records for admission.
• Statistics on "Học Bạ" Usage:
  • Approximately 40% of students admitted annually previously gained entry through "xét tuyển học bạ."
  • This method was predominantly used for programs with mid-range admission scores.
  • Programs with high admission scores rarely used "học bạ."
  • A few universities that used "học bạ" as a supplementary criterion have also dropped it this year.

4. Student and Parent Perspectives

• Mixed Reactions: Students have varied reactions to the removal of "xét tuyển học bạ."
• Concerns: Some students feel it increases pressure through other methods like the national exam or gifted student competitions.
• Positive Views: Others see it as a fairer approach, especially given the inconsistencies in how different schools grade students. This encourages a focus on genuine learning and actual competency ("học thật, thi thật, năng lực thật").
• Proactive Planning: Students are advised to be proactive in their admission strategies, as many universities are announcing their plans earlier (up to 5 months earlier than previous years).

5. Future Admission Landscape and Recommendations

• Reduced Admission Methods: The Ministry of Education and Training has requested universities to reduce the number of admission methods to ensure fairness and reliability.
• Focus on National Exam: With many top universities discontinuing "xét tuyển học bạ," the high school graduation exam is expected to become the dominant admission method. Students in their final year are urged to concentrate fully on this exam.
• Holistic Preparation: Students are encouraged to build a strong knowledge base, be proactive in their learning, and consider multiple assessment methods (e.g., combining graduation exam scores with aptitude/thinking assessments) to optimize their chances.
• Ministry's Commitment: The Ministry of Education and Training plans to release revised admission regulations to address issues of unfairness and unreliability, ensuring alignment with the 2018 General Education Program.
• Importance of Careful Planning: Any changes to admission policies, which affect approximately 1 million students and their families annually, must be carefully considered. A clear roadmap and sufficient notice are crucial to prevent students from being caught off guard.
• Example of Disruption: The Ministry's announcement to abolish early admissions about 3 months before the admission period for the 2025 cycle caused many students to be unprepared. Similarly, the late announcement in June to remove the Literature-History-Geography (Văn-Sử-Địa) combination for the graduation exam, after students had already chosen their study paths years in advance, created difficulties.
• 2024 Admissions: For the 2024 cycle, many top-tier universities have announced the discontinuation of "xét tuyển học bạ."
• Earlier Graduation Exam: The 2024 high school graduation exam is scheduled for June 11-12, about two weeks earlier than in previous years, requiring students to plan their revision schedules proactively.
• Core Advice: Regardless of changes, a solid foundation of knowledge is key to achieving the best exam results.

6. Conclusion

The Vietnamese university admission system is undergoing significant reform, with a clear trend towards phasing out "xét tuyển học bạ" due to concerns about fairness and quality. Leading institutions are prioritizing standardized national exams and aptitude assessments. This shift necessitates greater proactivity and strategic planning from students, who are advised to focus on building a strong academic foundation and adapting to evolving admission criteria. The Ministry of Education and Training is working to streamline and standardize the process for greater equity and reliability.