Syrians have more freedom after Assad, but could they soon lose it? | BBC News

Key Concepts

Transitional government, political freedoms, social freedoms, religious freedoms, Islamist influence, secular society, sectarian diversity, Salafi influence, Sufi practice, religious tolerance, freedom of speech, constitutional declaration, inclusion, women's rights.

Political and Social Landscape After Assad Regime

Following the fall of the Assad regime in Syria, a new transitional government has been appointed. Despite ongoing security concerns, Syrians are experiencing political freedoms that were previously suppressed for five decades. This newfound freedom is evident in open debates and discussions among people of all ages. People feel a sense of belonging and the ability to express their opinions without fear of reprisal.

Example: Lena Singab notes that people feel "liberated" and that "the whole country has been liberated."

Concerns Regarding Social and Religious Freedoms

Despite the newfound political freedoms, there are growing concerns about the potential erosion of social and religious freedoms under the new government. While no explicit Islamic rules have been imposed, certain practices suggest a growing Islamist influence, particularly from Salafi elements.

Example: The construction of a new mosque on the Damascus University campus without proper permissions is seen as a misplaced priority by students who value diverse cultural and artistic pursuits.

Example: Preachers driving through Christian neighborhoods advocating for Islam through loudspeakers are causing unease among locals, including Muslims who disapprove of such actions.

Sectarian Diversity and Religious Tolerance

Syria is characterized by its diverse society, comprising over 17 different sects and groups that have historically coexisted peacefully. The country is known for its tolerant form of Islam, where Sufi practices are common. However, even Sufi worshippers have faced attacks and accusations of being infidels by hardline groups.

Quote: An imam states, "It is impossible. Our society will not accept it. We have lived in harmony with different sects for years even during difficult times. The Quran says it clearly: No compulsion in religion."

Potential Threats to Secularism

The potential rise of a more radical form of Islam is a concern for many Syrians who value the country's secular traditions. The fear is that the new Islamist influence could jeopardize the social freedoms that Syrians have long enjoyed.

Example: Women, even those who wear the hijab, have traditionally been active in public life, working and participating in various social activities. There are concerns that a new trend is emerging that could restrict these freedoms, driven not necessarily by the government but by affiliated groups.

Government Structure and Representation

Concerns exist regarding the structure and inclusivity of the new government. The constitutional declaration appears to concentrate power in the hands of a single individual, President al-Shara. There is also a lack of representation from diverse segments of society, with only one woman serving as a minister.

Synthesis/Conclusion

While the fall of the Assad regime has brought about newfound political freedoms for Syrians, there are growing concerns about the potential erosion of social and religious freedoms under the new transitional government. The rise of Islamist influence, particularly from Salafi elements, poses a threat to Syria's secular traditions and its history of sectarian diversity and religious tolerance. The structure and inclusivity of the new government also raise questions about the long-term prospects for a truly representative and equitable society. The future of Syria hinges on the ability to balance political freedoms with the preservation of social and religious liberties for all its citizens.