Seoul and Tokyo seek future-oriented cooperationーNHK WORLD-JAPAN NEWS

Key Concepts

• Pragmatic Diplomacy: A foreign policy approach focused on practical considerations and national interests rather than ideological commitments.
• Shuttle Diplomacy: Frequent, direct negotiations between parties, often facilitated by a mediator, to resolve disputes.
• US-led Tariff Negotiations: Trade negotiations initiated by the United States impacting South Korea and Japan.
• Trilateral Security Alliance: The security cooperation between the United States, South Korea, and Japan.
• Yasukuni Shrine: A Shinto shrine in Tokyo commemorating those who died in service of Japan, particularly during wartime, and a source of controversy due to its association with convicted war criminals.
• Historical Issues: Ongoing disputes between South Korea and Japan stemming from Japan’s colonial past.

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South Korea’s Diplomatic Shift: Focusing on Pragmatism with Japan and China

This report details South Korean President E’s shift towards a more pragmatic diplomatic approach, specifically focusing on strengthening relations with both Japan and China. Following discussions with Chinese leadership earlier in the week, President E is preparing for a summit with Japan’s Prime Minister Takai Sana next week, signaling a deliberate effort to prioritize national interests and regional stability.

Initial Engagement and Shared Strategic Interests

President E and Prime Minister Takai Sana first met at the Apex Summit in October, where they agreed on the necessity of “future-oriented cooperation.” President E echoed this sentiment, stating, “I was told that you said you wanted to develop this relationship in a future oriented and stable manner. That's exactly what I have been saying all along.” This initial engagement established a foundation for continued dialogue. The report highlights the increasing importance of the Japan-South Korea relationship, and the broader Japan-South Korea-US cooperation, within the current strategic environment. Prime Minister Takai Sana emphasized this, stating, “Under the current strategic environment, I believe the importance of Japan South Korea relations as well as Japan South Korea US cooperation is increasing even further. To that end, we should make good use of shuttle diplomacy.”

Demonstrating Commitment to Japan

President E has actively demonstrated his commitment to fostering a strong relationship with Japan. He met with former Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru three times within four months last year, a frequency Professor Yangi interprets as a clear indication of his dedication to maintaining friendly relations. Notably, President E became the first post-war South Korean leader to visit Japan before visiting the United States after taking office, further emphasizing the priority placed on the bilateral relationship.

External Pressures and the Need for Dialogue

The report emphasizes that external pressures, specifically US-led tariff negotiations and the trilateral security alliance, necessitate close communication and dialogue between South Korea and Japan. “Basically any trade negotiation agenda originating from the US is a challenge facing South Korea and Japan,” explains Professor Yangi. This shared challenge creates a compelling incentive for cooperation.

From Campaign Rhetoric to Pragmatic Policy

President E’s approach represents a significant shift from his campaign rhetoric, which was perceived as more critical of Japan. Since assuming office, he has adopted a pragmatic diplomacy centered on national interest. The report acknowledges the existence of “various unresolved issues” between the two countries but stresses the desirability of moving beyond them to build “future-oriented relations.” President E reportedly holds a strong conviction that “historical issues must not hinder the past or the future.”

Public Support for Improved Relations

Public opinion in South Korea appears to support President E’s diplomatic efforts. A poll conducted last month showed a 62% approval rating for the President, largely attributed to his diplomatic initiatives. Public sentiment, as expressed in interviews, reflects a desire for economic cooperation and improved ties with Japan, particularly among younger generations. One interviewee stated, “I highly expect economic cooperation and the promotion of friendship between the two countries… both countries need to get along with each other as young people have a lot of interest in Japan.” Another expressed a willingness to move past historical grievances, stating, “I think there will be no future if people dwell on it too much.”

Potential Pitfalls: Historical Sensitivities and Political Risks

Despite President E’s efforts, the report cautions that historical issues remain a significant obstacle. Professor Yangi warns that actions by Japanese politicians, such as visits to the Yasukuni Shrine by figures like Takahuchi, or “irresponsible statements,” could quickly deteriorate the relationship. “If Takahuchi visits Yasukuni Shrine by herself, or if Japanese politicians continue to make irresponsible statements, the relationship between the two countries could deteriorate,” Yangi explains. He stresses the importance of “mutual restraint and consideration” in handling these sensitive issues.

Expanding Regional Partnerships

Beyond Japan, President E has also focused on strengthening ties with China. Following a recent summit, he and his Chinese counterpart agreed to develop a “strategic cooperative partnership,” despite past friction between Seoul and Beijing.

Conclusion

President E’s diplomatic strategy represents a deliberate attempt to navigate a complex regional landscape by prioritizing pragmatic cooperation with both Japan and China. While the potential for setbacks remains, particularly concerning historical issues, the report suggests that a deepening of ties with Japan could contribute to easing tensions in Northeast Asia. The success of the upcoming summit with Prime Minister Takai Sana will be closely watched as a key indicator of this evolving diplomatic approach.