MATERI IPA KELAS 8 : SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA

By sang pembelajar

EducationScience
Share:

Key Concepts:

  • Sistem Ekskresi (Excretory System)
  • Ekskresi (Excretion)
  • Defekasi (Defecation)
  • Sekresi (Secretion)
  • Ginjal (Kidney)
  • Kulit (Skin)
  • Paru-paru (Lungs)
  • Hati (Liver)
  • Filtrasi (Filtration)
  • Reabsorbsi (Reabsorption)
  • Augmentasi (Augmentation)
  • Urine Primer (Primary Urine)
  • Urine Sekunder (Secondary Urine)
  • Urine Sesungguhnya (True Urine)
  • Glomerulus
  • Tubulus Kontortus Proksimal (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)
  • Tubulus Kontortus Distal (Distal Convoluted Tubule)
  • Uretra (Urethra)
  • Ureter (Ureter)
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hipodermis
  • Alveolus
  • Bronkiolus
  • Bronkus
  • Diafragma (Diaphragm)
  • Glikogen (Glycogen)
  • Nefritis
  • Batu Ginjal (Kidney Stones)
  • Albuminuria
  • Hematuria
  • Diabetes
  • Kanker Ginjal (Kidney Cancer)
  • Scabies
  • Biduran (Hives)
  • Eksim (Eczema)
  • Kanker Kulit (Skin Cancer)
  • Asma (Asthma)
  • TBC (Tuberculosis)
  • Pneumonia
  • Hepatitis

1. Introduction to the Excretory System

  • The video introduces the human excretory system, emphasizing its role in removing waste products from the body.
  • The core competency is analyzing the excretory system in humans, understanding its disorders, and efforts to maintain its health.
  • The video poses the question of why the body sweats during physical activity, leading into the discussion of the excretory system's structure and function.

2. Defining Excretion, Defecation, and Secretion

  • Ekskresi (Excretion): The process of removing metabolic waste that is no longer useful to the body.
  • Defekasi (Defecation): The elimination of waste products from the digestive tract, resulting in feces.
  • Sekresi (Secretion): The release of substances, such as hormones, that are still useful to the body.
  • The video focuses primarily on the excretory system.

3. Organs of the Excretory System

  • The primary organs involved in human excretion are:
    • Ginjal (Kidneys)
    • Kulit (Skin)
    • Paru-paru (Lungs)
    • Hati (Liver)

4. Ginjal (Kidneys)

  • The kidneys are the main excretory organs, responsible for filtering waste from the blood.
  • Humans have a pair of kidneys, located on the right and left sides of the body.
  • Functions of the Kidneys:
    • Filtering metabolic waste from the blood.
    • Maintaining fluid balance in the body.
    • Excreting excess blood sugar.
    • Regulating the balance of acids, bases, and salts in the body.
  • Urine Formation Process:
    • Filtrasi (Filtration): Occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered, and waste products are separated to form primary urine.
    • Reabsorbsi (Reabsorption): Takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule, where essential substances are reabsorbed back into the body, resulting in secondary urine.
    • Augmentasi (Augmentation): Occurs in the distal convoluted tubule, where additional waste products are added to form true urine.
    • The urine then passes through the ureter and is expelled via the urethra.

5. Kulit (Skin)

  • The skin is the outermost organ, covering the entire body surface.
  • Functions of the Skin:
    • Protecting the body from harmful elements.
    • Serving as a sensory organ for touch.
    • Playing a role in excretion.
    • Regulating body temperature.
    • Storing fat.
    • Producing vitamin D.
  • Layers of the Skin:
    • Epidermis: The outermost layer, including the stratum corneum, stratum malpighi, stratum venosum, and stratum germinativum.
    • Dermis: The layer beneath the epidermis, containing capillaries, sweat glands, and nerves.
    • Hypodermis: The layer beneath the dermis, consisting of connective tissue and fat storage, providing insulation and protection.

6. Paru-paru (Lungs)

  • The lungs are located in the chest cavity, protected by the rib cage.
  • The alveoli within the lungs are the site of gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • Components of the Lungs:
    • Bronchioles
    • Alveoli
    • Bronchus
    • Diaphragm

7. Hati (Liver)

  • The liver is a single organ located in the upper right abdomen, beneath the rib cage.
  • It weighs between 1.5 to 2 kilograms, making it the largest organ in the body.
  • Functions of the Liver:
    • Neutralizing toxins.
    • Producing bile to emulsify fats.
    • Storing glucose in the form of glycogen.
    • Converting provitamin A into vitamin A.

8. Gangguan pada Sistem Ekskresi (Disorders of the Excretory System)

  • Ginjal (Kidneys):
    • Nefritis: Inflammation of the kidneys caused by streptococcal bacterial infection, treated with dialysis or kidney transplant.
    • Batu Ginjal (Kidney Stones): Formation of calcium salt deposits in the kidneys due to excessive mineral consumption and insufficient water intake; prevented by increasing water intake and limiting salt consumption.
    • Albuminuria: Damage to the glomeruli, leading to protein in the urine; managed by regulating salt and protein intake and adopting a healthy lifestyle.
    • Hematuria: Presence of red blood cells in the urine due to the glomeruli's inability to filter blood cells.
    • Diabetes: Caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
    • Kanker Ginjal (Kidney Cancer): Uncontrolled cell growth in the kidneys, leading to cancer.
  • Kulit (Skin):
    • Scabies: Characterized by intense itching, especially at night, often occurring in moist areas of the body.
    • Biduran (Hives): Marked by irregular, itchy welts caused by cold air or allergies.
    • Eksim (Eczema): Skin irritation, often on the hands or feet, causing itching and potential infection.
    • Kanker Kulit (Skin Cancer): Caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
  • Paru-paru (Lungs):
    • Asma (Asthma): Narrowing of the airways, often hereditary.
    • TBC (Tuberculosis): Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which damages the lungs and impairs alveolar function.
    • Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
  • Hati (Liver):
    • Hepatitis: Liver inflammation that can be transmitted through contaminated food, drinks, needles, or blood transfusions.

9. Conclusion

  • The video provides a comprehensive overview of the human excretory system, including its components, functions, and common disorders.
  • It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent excretory system problems.
  • The video concludes with a reminder to like and subscribe for future content.

Chat with this Video

AI-Powered

Hi! I can answer questions about this video "MATERI IPA KELAS 8 : SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA". What would you like to know?

Chat is based on the transcript of this video and may not be 100% accurate.

Related Videos

Ready to summarize another video?

Summarize YouTube Video