MATERI IPA KELAS 8 : SISTEM EKSKRESI MANUSIA
By sang pembelajar
EducationScience
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Key Concepts:
- Sistem Ekskresi (Excretory System)
- Ekskresi (Excretion)
- Defekasi (Defecation)
- Sekresi (Secretion)
- Ginjal (Kidney)
- Kulit (Skin)
- Paru-paru (Lungs)
- Hati (Liver)
- Filtrasi (Filtration)
- Reabsorbsi (Reabsorption)
- Augmentasi (Augmentation)
- Urine Primer (Primary Urine)
- Urine Sekunder (Secondary Urine)
- Urine Sesungguhnya (True Urine)
- Glomerulus
- Tubulus Kontortus Proksimal (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)
- Tubulus Kontortus Distal (Distal Convoluted Tubule)
- Uretra (Urethra)
- Ureter (Ureter)
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hipodermis
- Alveolus
- Bronkiolus
- Bronkus
- Diafragma (Diaphragm)
- Glikogen (Glycogen)
- Nefritis
- Batu Ginjal (Kidney Stones)
- Albuminuria
- Hematuria
- Diabetes
- Kanker Ginjal (Kidney Cancer)
- Scabies
- Biduran (Hives)
- Eksim (Eczema)
- Kanker Kulit (Skin Cancer)
- Asma (Asthma)
- TBC (Tuberculosis)
- Pneumonia
- Hepatitis
1. Introduction to the Excretory System
- The video introduces the human excretory system, emphasizing its role in removing waste products from the body.
- The core competency is analyzing the excretory system in humans, understanding its disorders, and efforts to maintain its health.
- The video poses the question of why the body sweats during physical activity, leading into the discussion of the excretory system's structure and function.
2. Defining Excretion, Defecation, and Secretion
- Ekskresi (Excretion): The process of removing metabolic waste that is no longer useful to the body.
- Defekasi (Defecation): The elimination of waste products from the digestive tract, resulting in feces.
- Sekresi (Secretion): The release of substances, such as hormones, that are still useful to the body.
- The video focuses primarily on the excretory system.
3. Organs of the Excretory System
- The primary organs involved in human excretion are:
- Ginjal (Kidneys)
- Kulit (Skin)
- Paru-paru (Lungs)
- Hati (Liver)
4. Ginjal (Kidneys)
- The kidneys are the main excretory organs, responsible for filtering waste from the blood.
- Humans have a pair of kidneys, located on the right and left sides of the body.
- Functions of the Kidneys:
- Filtering metabolic waste from the blood.
- Maintaining fluid balance in the body.
- Excreting excess blood sugar.
- Regulating the balance of acids, bases, and salts in the body.
- Urine Formation Process:
- Filtrasi (Filtration): Occurs in the glomerulus, where blood is filtered, and waste products are separated to form primary urine.
- Reabsorbsi (Reabsorption): Takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule, where essential substances are reabsorbed back into the body, resulting in secondary urine.
- Augmentasi (Augmentation): Occurs in the distal convoluted tubule, where additional waste products are added to form true urine.
- The urine then passes through the ureter and is expelled via the urethra.
5. Kulit (Skin)
- The skin is the outermost organ, covering the entire body surface.
- Functions of the Skin:
- Protecting the body from harmful elements.
- Serving as a sensory organ for touch.
- Playing a role in excretion.
- Regulating body temperature.
- Storing fat.
- Producing vitamin D.
- Layers of the Skin:
- Epidermis: The outermost layer, including the stratum corneum, stratum malpighi, stratum venosum, and stratum germinativum.
- Dermis: The layer beneath the epidermis, containing capillaries, sweat glands, and nerves.
- Hypodermis: The layer beneath the dermis, consisting of connective tissue and fat storage, providing insulation and protection.
6. Paru-paru (Lungs)
- The lungs are located in the chest cavity, protected by the rib cage.
- The alveoli within the lungs are the site of gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Components of the Lungs:
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Bronchus
- Diaphragm
7. Hati (Liver)
- The liver is a single organ located in the upper right abdomen, beneath the rib cage.
- It weighs between 1.5 to 2 kilograms, making it the largest organ in the body.
- Functions of the Liver:
- Neutralizing toxins.
- Producing bile to emulsify fats.
- Storing glucose in the form of glycogen.
- Converting provitamin A into vitamin A.
8. Gangguan pada Sistem Ekskresi (Disorders of the Excretory System)
- Ginjal (Kidneys):
- Nefritis: Inflammation of the kidneys caused by streptococcal bacterial infection, treated with dialysis or kidney transplant.
- Batu Ginjal (Kidney Stones): Formation of calcium salt deposits in the kidneys due to excessive mineral consumption and insufficient water intake; prevented by increasing water intake and limiting salt consumption.
- Albuminuria: Damage to the glomeruli, leading to protein in the urine; managed by regulating salt and protein intake and adopting a healthy lifestyle.
- Hematuria: Presence of red blood cells in the urine due to the glomeruli's inability to filter blood cells.
- Diabetes: Caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
- Kanker Ginjal (Kidney Cancer): Uncontrolled cell growth in the kidneys, leading to cancer.
- Kulit (Skin):
- Scabies: Characterized by intense itching, especially at night, often occurring in moist areas of the body.
- Biduran (Hives): Marked by irregular, itchy welts caused by cold air or allergies.
- Eksim (Eczema): Skin irritation, often on the hands or feet, causing itching and potential infection.
- Kanker Kulit (Skin Cancer): Caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
- Paru-paru (Lungs):
- Asma (Asthma): Narrowing of the airways, often hereditary.
- TBC (Tuberculosis): Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which damages the lungs and impairs alveolar function.
- Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
- Hati (Liver):
- Hepatitis: Liver inflammation that can be transmitted through contaminated food, drinks, needles, or blood transfusions.
9. Conclusion
- The video provides a comprehensive overview of the human excretory system, including its components, functions, and common disorders.
- It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to prevent excretory system problems.
- The video concludes with a reminder to like and subscribe for future content.
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