macOS cơ bản cho người mới: cách cài app, gõ tiếng Việt, phím tắt, tìm kiếm...

Key Concepts

• Finder: The file management application on macOS, analogous to File Explorer on Windows.
• DMG (Disk Image): A file format used for distributing software on macOS, often containing an application icon and an "Applications" folder.
• PKG (Package Installer): A file format for installing software on macOS, similar to .exe installers on Windows.
• App Store: Apple's official marketplace for downloading applications on macOS.
• Quit Command: The standard method for closing applications on macOS (Command + Q).
• Force Quit: A function to forcefully close unresponsive applications (Apple Menu > Force Quit).
• Command Key: The primary modifier key on macOS keyboards, analogous to the Control key on Windows.
• Spotlight: A powerful search and utility tool on macOS (Command + Space).
• Quick Look: A feature allowing users to preview files by pressing the Spacebar.
• iWork Suite (Pages, Numbers, Keynote): Apple's free productivity suite, an alternative to Microsoft Office.

Getting Started with macOS: A Beginner's Guide

This video provides a comprehensive guide for new macOS users, focusing on essential functionalities and addressing common questions when transitioning from Windows.

1. File Management with Finder

• Functionality: Finder is the macOS equivalent of Windows File Explorer, enabling users to manage files, view them in different folder structures, and perform drag-and-drop operations for copying.
• Key Difference: Cut Function: Unlike Windows File Explorer, Finder does not have a direct "cut" option. The presenter recommends using "copy" followed by deleting the original file to ensure data safety, as the "cut" operation carries a risk of file corruption if interrupted.
• Quick Look Feature: A highly convenient feature where pressing the Spacebar on a selected file (video, image, document, etc.) instantly previews its content without needing to open the full application. This is a significant time-saver and a feature users should familiarize themselves with.
• Other Finder Features: Finder offers intuitive features like a search bar, folder creation, and renaming, similar to Windows.

2. Installing Software on macOS

macOS offers three primary methods for installing applications:

• DMG Files:

  • Process: Download a .dmg file from the internet. This file typically contains an application icon and an "Applications" folder. To install, simply drag the application icon into the "Applications" folder.
  • Replacement: If the application is already installed, macOS will prompt to replace it with the new version.
  • Prevalence: This is a very common installation method for many macOS applications.

• PKG Files (Package Installer):

  • Process: Double-click a .pkg file to launch an installation wizard.
  • Analogy: This process is similar to the installation wizards encountered when installing software on Windows. Users follow a series of on-screen instructions.
  • Example: Microsoft 365 (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) can be installed via a PKG file.

• App Store:

  • Process: Access the macOS App Store (via the Apple icon > App Store). Search for desired applications and click to install.
  • Analogy: This is identical to the experience of using the App Store on iOS devices.
  • Availability: Many applications, including Microsoft Office, are available through the App Store.

• General Advice: For most macOS applications, it's recommended to search on Google and then visit the official software website to find the most appropriate installation options. The installation process on macOS is often simpler than on Windows, especially with DMG files.

3. Managing Running Applications

• Closing Windows vs. Quitting Applications:

  • Clicking the red 'X' button on a window typically only closes that specific window, not the entire application. The application may still appear in the Dock and run in the background.
  • To quit an application completely, use the keyboard shortcut Command + Q. This triggers the "Quit" command and removes the application from the Dock. This shortcut works universally across all applications.

• Force Quitting Unresponsive Applications:

  • If an application freezes, click the Apple icon in the top-left corner of the screen and select "Force Quit...".
  • Select the unresponsive application from the list and click "Force Quit." This forcefully terminates the application. This can be done for multiple applications simultaneously.

4. Keyboard Shortcuts and Typing

• Command Key vs. Control Key:

  • On macOS, the Command key replaces the Control key found on Windows for most common shortcuts.
  • Examples:
    • Select all: Command + A (instead of Ctrl + A)
    • Copy: Command + C (instead of Ctrl + C)
    • Paste: Command + V (instead of Ctrl + V)
    • New document/window: Command + N (instead of Ctrl + N)
  • While most shortcuts are similar, some may vary depending on the specific application and its developer.

• Typing Vietnamese:

  • Built-in macOS Vietnamese Keyboard: macOS has a built-in Vietnamese keyboard. To enable it:
    1. Click the Apple icon.
    2. Go to System Settings.
    3. Search for "Keyboard."
    4. Select "Input Sources."
    5. Click the "+" button and choose a Vietnamese input method (e.g., Telex).
  • Third-Party Vietnamese Keyboard (Gõ Tiếng Việt): The presenter personally recommends a free third-party application called "Gõ Tiếng Việt" due to perceived better performance and fewer issues (like character repetition or incorrect spacing) compared to the built-in option.
    • Download: Search for "Gõ Tiếng Việt" on Google and download from the official website.
    • Caution: When downloading third-party software, especially keyboard utilities, it's crucial to download from official sources to avoid security risks like hacking or keylogging. The presenter emphasizes being cautious with any third-party input method software.

5. Web Browsing

• Safari (Default Browser):

  • Pros: Simple interface, fast performance, and excellent synchronization with other Apple devices.
  • Cons: Some websites, particularly those used by educational institutions or specific organizations, may not be optimized for Safari and might not function correctly.

• Installing Other Browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc.):

  • Users can install other browsers like Chrome or Firefox if needed. The installation process is the same as for other applications (DMG, PKG, or App Store).
  • Chrome on Mac: Functions identically to Chrome on Windows, allowing for seamless synchronization of bookmarks and data with a Google account.

6. Productivity Applications (Microsoft Office and Alternatives)

• Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint):

  • Installation: Can be installed via Microsoft's official installers or through the Mac App Store.
  • Interface: The interface is largely similar to the Windows version, with some minor UI differences and potentially different keyboard shortcuts.
  • Excel Limitations: The presenter notes that some advanced features in Excel for Windows, such as Power Query, are not available in Excel for Mac. However, for basic usage, Excel for Mac is considered functional.
  • Licensing: A paid license is required for Microsoft Office applications. The presenter advises against using pirated software due to legal and security risks.

• iWork Suite (Pages, Numbers, Keynote):

  • Nature: Apple's free productivity suite, pre-installed on most Macs.
  • Pages: A word processing application, similar to Word.
  • Numbers: A spreadsheet application, similar to Excel.
  • Keynote: A presentation software, similar to PowerPoint.
  • Pros: Free, well-integrated with the Apple ecosystem, and offers good templates (especially Keynote for presentations).
  • Cons: Advanced formatting in Pages might not render perfectly when opened in Word, and some advanced Excel features are missing in Numbers.

• Canva:

  • Functionality: A graphic design tool that can be accessed via a web app on macOS.
  • Integration: Functions similarly to its web or mobile versions.

7. Spotlight: Search and Utility Tool

• Activation: Press Command + Spacebar to open the Spotlight search bar.
• Functionality:
  • System-wide Search: Searches for files, applications, emails, calendar events, and more across your entire system.
  • Calculations: Perform quick calculations directly in the search bar (e.g., "5 * 10").
  • Unit Conversions: Convert units of measurement (e.g., "1 kg to lbs").
  • Quick Information Retrieval: Find information rapidly without needing to open specific applications.
• Recommendation: Spotlight is an indispensable tool for efficient navigation and information retrieval on macOS.

Conclusion

The video concludes by reiterating that these are fundamental steps for new macOS users. The presenter encourages viewers to ask further questions in the comments section. The core message is that while macOS has its unique aspects, the transition from Windows is manageable with an understanding of these basic functionalities.