LÍNGUA e LINGUAGEM - Fácil de Aprender - Enem 2019 I Português On-line

Key Concepts:

• Linguagem (Language): The human capacity to communicate ideas or feelings.
• Língua (Language/Tongue): A specific verbal code shared by a community.
• Linguagem Verbal (Verbal Language): Communication using spoken or written words.
• Linguagem Não Verbal (Non-Verbal Language): Communication using gestures, images, symbols, etc.
• Linguagem Mista (Mixed Language): Communication combining verbal and non-verbal elements.
• Interlocutores (Interlocutors): The participants in a communication process (emitter and receiver).
• Código (Code): A system of signs and rules used for communication (synonymous with "língua" in this context).

1. Introduction:

The video addresses the common misconception that "linguagem" (language) and "língua" (language/tongue) are the same thing. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the distinction, particularly in the context of exams like ENEM, which assess a student's ability to understand and use language in various social contexts, not just grammatical knowledge.

2. Why Study Language and Tongue?

• Many people mistakenly believe that grammar is the most important aspect of Portuguese.
• The ENEM exam focuses on "linguagem, códigos e suas tecnologias" (language, codes, and their technologies), not just grammar.
• ENEM assesses a student's connection to society and their ability to perceive different uses of language.

3. Defining Linguagem (Language):

• Linguagem is the human capacity to communicate ideas or feelings through gestures, sounds, symbols, or words.
• It involves social interaction between interlocutors: an emitter (sender) and a receiver.
• Example: The viewer watching and listening to the professor's message.

4. Types of Linguagem (Language):

• Linguagem Verbal (Verbal Language):
  • Uses words, either written or spoken.
  • Examples: conversations, news articles, job interviews.
  • Verbal language can be used to arouse curiosity, create doubt, manipulate ideas, and generate conflict.
• Linguagem Não Verbal (Non-Verbal Language):
  • Does not use words; relies on images, gestures, dances, drawings, symbols, mimes, etc.
  • Example: Traffic lights (red = stop, yellow = caution, green = go).
  • Other examples: traffic officers, flags, paintings.
• Linguagem Mista (Mixed Language):
  • Combines verbal and non-verbal elements.
  • Example: The video itself, using spoken words (verbal) along with images, drawings, and music (non-verbal).
  • Mixed language uses both words and images to express ideas.

5. Defining Língua (Language/Tongue):

• Língua is a type of linguagem verbal.
• It's a code shared by speakers within a society.
• Examples:
  • Portuguese in Brazil.
  • English in the United States.
• Variations exist within a single língua, but that's a topic for another video.

6. Summary and Conclusion:

• Linguagem is the broad capacity to communicate through various means.
• Língua is a specific verbal code used within a community.
• Types of linguagem: verbal, non-verbal, and mixed.
• Língua is a subset of linguagem verbal.
• A língua is a necessary code for verbal language to exist.

7. Final Remarks:

The professor encourages viewers to leave comments with questions and to share the video.