Japanese architect seeks to improve people's lives in disaster areasーNHK WORLD-JAPAN NEWS

Noto Peninsula Earthquake Recovery & Shigeru Ban’s Humanitarian Architecture

Key Concepts:

• RTER Scale: A scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes (specifically referenced as 7.6 in this context).
• Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT): A construction method using wooden boards joined with hardwood dowels, eliminating the need for adhesives or nails.
• Prefabricated Shelters: Quickly assembled, temporary housing units typically made of steel, commonly used in disaster relief.
• Humanitarian Architecture: Architectural practice focused on improving the lives of people in need, particularly in disaster or conflict zones.
• Salvaged Materials: Reusing materials recovered from damaged or destroyed buildings.
• Resilient Structures: Buildings designed to withstand and recover quickly from difficult conditions, such as earthquakes.
• Sustainable Architecture: Architecture that minimizes negative environmental impact and utilizes renewable resources.

The Noto Peninsula Earthquake & Initial Response

On January 1st, 2024, a 7.6 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula in Japan, resulting in hundreds of fatalities and the destruction of approximately 25,000 buildings. As of the report’s timeframe (two years post-quake), over 17,000 individuals remain in temporary shelters. This context sets the stage for the work of architect Shigeru Ban and his approach to disaster relief.

Shigeru Ban’s Philosophy & 30+ Years of Humanitarian Work

Shigeru Ban has dedicated over 30 years to supporting humanitarian efforts in disaster and conflict zones globally. He articulates a core belief that architects have a responsibility to improve living conditions for those in need, stating, “If people are having trouble with their living conditions, it's our responsibility as architects to improve that.” He draws a parallel to medical professionals aiding anyone in need, regardless of affiliation.

Innovative Shelter Design: Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT)

Following the Noto earthquake, Ban oversaw the construction of 12 buildings in the affected area. His approach diverges from standard disaster relief housing. While typical prefabricated shelters are designed for quick assembly but viewed as temporary, Ban utilizes Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT). This method involves fitting wooden boards together using hardwood dowels, eliminating the need for adhesives or nails. The pre-made panels are easily assembled, reducing the need for specialized labor. Residents appreciate the material, noting the “refreshing” and “calming” scent of the wood.

Ban aims to create “permanent housing…that costs the same as prefabricated shelters,” recognizing that residents often desire to remain in these structures beyond the typical two-year occupancy period for temporary housing. A resident expressed a desire to stay, stating, “I know it's temporary, but it's beautiful. I'd like to stay here if possible.”

Community Engagement & Reusing Local Materials

Over the two years since the earthquake, Ban has increasingly collaborated with the local community. The Noto Peninsula has a rich history of wooden construction, much of which was destroyed in the quake. Ban’s philosophy emphasizes reusing locally salvaged materials. He initiated a process of rescuing usable posts and beams from collapsed houses, emphasizing the importance of immediate collection of materials like roof tiles and timber. He states, “It's important to collect the roof tiles and timber immediately after a disaster. We want to rebuild buildings by making the most of these old materials.”

A team led by Harono Yasunori is working with a local architect to build a central gathering place utilizing these salvaged materials. A warehouse in Suzu City is filled with recovered timber and roof tiles, intended for this purpose. Local residents are also planning a community center using the same approach, expressing gratitude for Ban’s involvement: “We’re really fortunate to have been introduced to Bon. Together, I think we can make this dream a reality.”

Broader Humanitarian Efforts & Recognition

Ban’s commitment extends beyond building structures. He founded a nonprofit organization focused on improving privacy and living conditions in evacuation shelters, utilizing materials like paper tubes and cardboard beds. This dedication has been recognized by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), which will award him the 2026 Gold Medal. The AIA cites his “creation of resilient and sustainable structures using renewable materials” as revolutionary in disaster relief architecture. He joins a distinguished list of recipients including Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, and Kenzo Tange.

Ban reiterates his sense of responsibility, stating, “I think it is our responsibility as architects. As an architect, I have no choice but to do my best.”

Conclusion:

Shigeru Ban’s work in the Noto Peninsula exemplifies a holistic approach to disaster relief. By combining innovative construction techniques like DLT with a commitment to community engagement and the reuse of local materials, he provides not just shelter, but a sense of dignity and hope to those affected by the earthquake. His philosophy underscores the social responsibility of architects and highlights the potential for sustainable, resilient building practices in disaster-prone regions.