Is the Franco-German engine still running? | DW News

Key Concepts

• European Sovereignty: The ability of Europe to act independently and effectively on the world stage, particularly in security and defense.
• Franco-German Engine: The historically crucial partnership between France and Germany as a driving force for European integration and policy.
• Rearmament of Europe: The increased investment in and modernization of European defense capabilities in response to geopolitical threats.
• European Defense Industry: The collective defense manufacturing and technological base within Europe.
• FCAS (Future Combat Air System): A joint Franco-German-Spanish project to develop a next-generation fighter jet.
• Nuclear Deterrence: The possession of nuclear weapons to discourage attack.
• Coalition of the Willing: A group of countries agreeing to cooperate on a specific issue, even without universal agreement.
• SAFE Instrument: A European Commission initiative providing €150 billion for investment in a European defense industry.
• Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF): The EU’s long-term budget, currently under discussion for the next cycle.

Strengthening European Security: Insights from the Munich Security Conference

The discussion centered on the imperative for Europe to take greater responsibility for its own security, moving beyond reliance on the United States. This sentiment was a dominant theme at the recent Munich Security Conference (MSC), with a focus on concrete actions rather than simply articulating the need for independence. The delegate minister, Benjamin Hadad, emphasized that Europeans should concentrate on “what we can do for ourselves,” rather than reacting to statements from the US.

The Shift in European Approach to Ukraine Support

A significant achievement highlighted was the formation of a “coalition of the willing” – encompassing European nations, the UK, Canada, Japan, and Australia – to provide security guarantees and continued support for Ukraine. This coalition now provides the “bulk of support for Ukraine,” a marked change from earlier concerns about potential abandonment. Specifically, the European Council agreed to a €90 billion loan in December for Ukraine’s economic and military support, providing crucial visibility for future defense planning. Furthermore, the EU is preparing its 20th package of sanctions targeting Russia’s “shadow fleet” and energy sector.

Investment in European Defense Capabilities

The conversation underscored a substantial increase in European defense spending. Germany, in particular, has undergone a significant shift, even amending its constitution to allocate more funds to defense and security. The European Commission’s SAFE instrument, allocating €150 billion, is intended to foster an “autonomous European defense industry.” This investment is not merely about increasing spending, but about strategically directing funds towards critical sectors like AI, quantum technology, and green tech to reduce dependencies and bolster “European champions.” Hadad stressed that increased defense spending must prioritize European industry, stating, “You can’t do it to subsidize factories in Kentucky.”

The Franco-German Partnership & FCAS

The “Franco-German engine” remains central to European security efforts. France has doubled its defense budget over two presidential terms under Macron, continuing to increase spending even amidst broader budgetary cuts. However, the need for greater synergy and common procurement within the European defense industry was repeatedly emphasized.

The Future Combat Air System (FCAS), a joint project between France, Germany, and Spain to develop a next-generation fighter jet, was presented as a prime example of this ambition. While acknowledging the difficulties inherent in coordinating governments and industries previously unaccustomed to collaboration, Hadad affirmed the French government’s commitment to FCAS, stating, “Let’s move forward.” The original political deadline for FCAS at the end of last year was missed, but progress is being made on various phases of the project involving companies like Dassault and Airbus.

Nuclear Deterrence and Strategic Dialogue

A new and potentially sensitive area of discussion is the possibility of a European nuclear deterrent. French President Macron has initiated discussions with Germany on this topic, confirmed by the German Chancellor. Hadad described this as an “important strategic conversation,” reflecting France’s long-held belief in a “European dimension to our vital interests.” He noted that France has always maintained an independent nuclear deterrent and that the security of its neighbors is a vital interest. Further details on this initiative are expected in a forthcoming speech by President Macron. Hadad declined to elaborate on specifics from Chancellor Scholz’s address.

The Next European Budget & Procurement

The upcoming negotiations surrounding the next European budget, the Multi-annual Financial Framework (MFF), are seen as critical. A “high ambition” on defense, space, and AI is expected, particularly regarding procurement policies. Simplifying rules and investing public and private money to support European innovators are considered essential for national security.

Logical Connections & Overall Synthesis

The conversation flowed logically from a general call for European autonomy to specific examples of actions taken and planned. The support for Ukraine served as a concrete illustration of Europe’s growing capacity to act independently. The discussion then narrowed to the challenges and opportunities within the European defense industry, exemplified by the FCAS project. Finally, the sensitive topic of nuclear deterrence was introduced as a further step towards greater European strategic independence.

The overarching takeaway is a clear message: Europe is actively pursuing a path towards greater self-reliance in security and defense. This involves increased investment, greater industrial cooperation, and a willingness to engage in difficult strategic conversations. The focus is shifting from merely identifying the need for European sovereignty to actively building the capabilities and frameworks necessary to achieve it. The MSC served as a platform to demonstrate this commitment and to outline the concrete steps being taken to realize this vision.