HPV ở nam giới: Những hiểu nhầm gây các bệnh lý nguy hiểm | VTV24

Key Concepts:

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
• High-risk HPV types
• Cervical cancer
• Oropharyngeal cancer (ung thư vùng họng miệng)
• Tonsil cancer (ung thư amidan)
• Pre-cancerous lesions (tổn thương tiền ung thư)
• Genital warts (mụn cóc sinh dục / sùi mào gà)
• Oral sex (sinh hoạt tình dục bằng đường miệng)
• HPV clearance rate (tỉ lệ thải loại HPV)
• Screening and early detection (khám sàng lọc định kỳ, tầm soát định kỳ)

HPV and Cancer Risks in Men

While high-risk HPV types have long been recognized as a primary cause of cervical cancer in women, the transcript highlights that these viruses can also lead to pre-cancerous conditions and cancers in men, notably oropharyngeal cancer. The Nghệ An Oncology Hospital has observed cases of men diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer, with many patients remaining unaware of the disease's origins.

Case Studies and Patient Experiences

• Patient 1 (Tonsil Cancer): A man presented with an abnormal lump (hạch) which was initially diagnosed as inflammation. The lump progressively grew, and by May, he developed a palpable tumor in his tonsil, leading to a diagnosis of stage three tonsil cancer. Despite treatment, he seemed unaware of HPV as a risk factor, alongside traditional risks like smoking and alcohol. He described the initial symptom as a small lump that grew larger.
• Patient 2 (Oropharyngeal Cancer): Another patient experienced an abnormal lump (vịch bứu) in his throat around March. After a few months, the lump became larger and harder. Upon examination, it was identified as malignant, leading to immediate hospitalization for stage two oropharyngeal cancer.

HPV's Role in Oropharyngeal Cancer

The transcript cites statistics on the link between HPV and oropharyngeal cancer:

• US CDC: Approximately 70% of oropharyngeal cancers are HPV-related.
• Global Research (2018): HPV is responsible for about 30% of oropharyngeal cancer cases worldwide.

HPV Infection and Transmission

• Asymptomatic Nature: Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and can be cleared by the body, leading to complacency among individuals.
• Persistent Infection: However, persistent HPV infections can cause pre-cancerous lesions and cancer in both men and women.
• Oral Sex: The transcript specifically mentions that individuals engaging in oral sex are at risk of developing HPV-related cancers in the oropharyngeal region, including the mouth, throat, and tonsils.

HPV Clearance Rates in Men

A Canadian study (2005-2011) indicated that men have a 26% lower rate of clearing HPV compared to women. This suggests a potentially higher risk of persistent infection and subsequent disease development in men.

Prevention and Early Detection

• Screening: For young couples of reproductive age, regular screening and early detection of pre-cancerous lesions are crucial.
• Awareness and Information: Raising awareness and providing accurate information are vital steps for individuals to proactively prevent HPV-related risks and protect their health.

HPV and Genital Warts

Beyond cancer, HPV is also the cause of over 90% of genital warts (sùi mào gà), a sexually transmitted infection prevalent in both men and women.

Logical Connections and Conclusion

The transcript establishes a clear connection between HPV infection and the development of serious health issues, particularly oropharyngeal cancer in men. It moves from the general understanding of HPV's link to cervical cancer to its specific impact on men, supported by patient anecdotes and statistical data. The discussion then shifts to the mechanisms of infection, the importance of recognizing persistent infections, and the implications of lower HPV clearance rates in men. Finally, it emphasizes the critical role of prevention through awareness, information, and regular screening, especially for sexually active individuals. The overarching message is that HPV is a significant health concern for men, not just women, and proactive measures are necessary to mitigate its risks.