Hải Phòng di dời gần 7.000 hộ dân: Cú hích cho cải tạo chung cư cũ? | VTV24

Key Concepts

• Cải tạo chung cư cũ (Renovation of old apartment buildings): The process of replacing or upgrading dilapidated residential structures.
• Chung cư cấp D (Grade D apartment buildings): Buildings classified as dangerous, requiring immediate evacuation.
• Hệ số K (Coefficient K): A multiplier used in compensation calculations for apartment renovation (often associated with the "ask-give" mechanism).
• Tái thiết đô thị (Urban reconstruction): The comprehensive process of redesigning and rebuilding urban areas.
• Sinh kế (Livelihood): The means of securing the necessities of life, particularly important for residents transitioning from ground-floor commercial spaces to high-rise units.
• Luật Nhà ở 2023 (Housing Law 2023): The updated legal framework governing housing development and renovation.

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1. Main Topics and Key Points

• Hải Phòng’s Decisive Action: The city has approved a plan to relocate nearly 7,000 households from 177 old, dilapidated apartment buildings by 2030. 66 of these buildings are classified as "Grade D" (dangerous).
• Strategic Shift: Unlike traditional methods, Hải Phòng is prioritizing the conversion of cleared land into public infrastructure (parks, schools, parking lots) rather than rebuilding high-density residential towers.
• Comparison with Major Cities: While Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City have struggled for over two decades (Hanoi has achieved less than 1% renovation success in 26 years), Hải Phòng is moving faster due to better preparation, land availability, and a clear, transparent compensation model.

2. Real-World Applications and Case Studies

• Hải Phòng’s Model: The city is moving residents to large-scale social housing projects (e.g., Kho Ba, Lac Vien, Dong Tam).
• The "Livelihood" Challenge: A critical issue identified is the loss of ground-floor commercial space, which many residents rely on for income. The expert emphasizes that urban renewal must integrate livelihood support to be sustainable.

3. Methodologies and Frameworks

• Compensation Strategy: Hải Phòng has moved away from the "Coefficient K" (a legacy of the subsidy era) toward direct monetary compensation.
  • Renters: Average support of ~260 million VND.
  • Owners: Average compensation of ~542 million VND.
• Legal Shift: The Housing Law 2023 reduces the required consensus threshold for renovation from 100% to 70%, aiming to break the deadlock in multi-owner buildings.

4. Key Arguments and Perspectives

• Expert Perspective (Architect Trần Huy Ánh):
  • Market-Oriented Approach: He argues that monetary compensation is more "civilized" and transparent than the "Coefficient K" system, which often leads to disputes and delays.
  • Financial Institutions: He suggests that for low-income residents, simple compensation is insufficient. There is a need for specialized financial institutions to provide low-interest, long-term loans to bridge the gap between old and new property values.
  • Urban Sustainability: He warns that if cities focus only on "housing" and ignore "livelihoods," the new projects may become "ghost" areas or fail to improve the quality of life.

5. Notable Quotes

• Architect Trần Huy Ánh: "If we continue to struggle with the 'ask-give' mechanism and administrative tools, I don't think there will be any breakthroughs. Hải Phòng is a breakthrough, and Hanoi should follow suit."
• Regarding the "Coefficient K": "The 'Coefficient K' still carries the flavor of the subsidy era... it makes transactions more complicated."

6. Data and Statistics

• Hải Phòng: 7,000 households, 177 buildings, 66 buildings at Grade D.
• Hanoi: Nearly 1,600 old apartment buildings; less than 1.2% renovation success rate over 20+ years.
• Ho Chi Minh City: 474 old buildings (pre-1975), 16 of which are Grade D.

7. Synthesis and Conclusion

The renovation of old apartment buildings is a complex intersection of safety, urban planning, and social welfare. Hải Phòng’s success stems from a proactive, transparent approach that prioritizes public space and clear monetary compensation over the outdated "Coefficient K" model. However, the expert warns that for major hubs like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, success requires more than just legal changes (like the 70% consensus rule); it requires integrated financial solutions and a deep commitment to preserving the livelihoods of the residents being relocated. The ultimate goal is not just to remove "dilapidated concrete blocks," but to ensure the long-term happiness and economic stability of the citizens.