Dr Mathew Mathews on national identity survey

Key Concepts

• Civic and Effective Aspects of Identity: Values, emotions, and national pride that form the core of Singaporean identity, as opposed to cultural markers.
• Nation Building: The decades-long process of emphasizing common values to unite Singaporeans.
• Co-production of Identity: The idea that national identity is shaped collaboratively by both the government and citizens.
• Scaffolding: The framework and support provided by the government in shaping national identity.
• Social Capital: The networks and relationships that facilitate cooperation and trust among different groups.
• Plural Identity: An identity that embraces diversity and accords dignity to people from all communities.

Study Findings on Singaporean Identity

A study by CNA and the Institute of Policy Studies reveals that nine in 10 Singapore residents feel a strong sense of Singaporean identity. The research highlights that ideals such as unity and a sense of belonging are ranked higher in defining what it means to be Singaporean than more visible cultural markers like Singlish.

Evolution of Singaporean Identity

Dr. Matthew Matthews, Principal Research Fellow at the Institute of Policy Studies Social Lab, explains that this hierarchy indicates Singaporeans anchor their identity in "civic and effective aspects." These include shared values, emotional connection to Singapore, and national pride in the nation's successes. These elements are considered more significant than diverse cultural characteristics or linguistic backgrounds. This emphasis reflects the nation-building efforts over decades, which have consistently reiterated common values that unite the population.

Role of Government vs. Citizens in Shaping Identity

The study found no firm consensus on whether the government or citizens play a larger role in shaping national identity. This suggests a public expectation for a more collaborative model, aligning with Prime Minister Wong's push for consultative and participatory governance. Dr. Matthews notes that while Singaporeans still value the government providing a "scaffolding" or framework, roughly half believe citizens should also take responsibility. This points towards a consultative style where the state sets the parameters, and citizens actively contribute to how this identity is lived out daily.

Perceptions of Identity Strength and Change

Nearly half of those surveyed felt Singapore's national identity has grown stronger in the last decade. However, others perceive it as having changed. Dr. Matthews acknowledges that for some, changes in Singapore, such as immigration, cost pressures, and shifting social norms, have altered their experience and perception of the nation. He emphasizes the importance of involving citizens in shaping solutions and ensuring they feel ownership of a common vision, where every group sees themselves as part of the Singaporean narrative.

Impact of Global Geopolitics on National Identity

The discussion also touched upon the influence of global geopolitics, including rising nationalism and protectionism, on how Singaporeans define their identity and sense of belonging. Dr. Matthews warns of the risk of "boundaries hardening" within society, particularly when there is anxiety about who "counts" as Singaporean. This can lead to feelings of grievance among those who may be perceived as "not Singaporean enough" due to factors like not serving national service, not being born in Singapore, or advocating for too much diversity.

Mitigating Risks and Maintaining Cohesion

The antidote to hardening boundaries, according to Dr. Matthews, is to highlight that Singapore's identity is built on a set of civic values and a "plural identity" that embraces and accords dignity to people from all communities. The focus should be on ensuring that societal changes do not dilute the common principles that unite all Singaporeans.

Policy Adaptations for Cohesion

To maintain national cohesion, Dr. Matthews suggests several policy adaptations:

1. Signal National Values: Continuously reiterate and communicate what is most important to Singapore as a nation, emphasizing unifying elements and common values.
2. Build Social Capital: Create opportunities for people to build networks and engage with individuals from different groups, fostering trust and cooperation.
3. Ensure Fairness: Implement credible safeguards and consistent rules to ensure that both newcomers and locals feel their expectations are met, fostering a sense of fairness and trust.

These measures, working together, are crucial for maintaining high trust and a strong sense of community in Singapore.