Discovering Japan's Hidden Christians - Journeys in Japan

Nagasaki Pure Land: A Journey Through Hidden Christianity

Key Concepts: Kakure Kirishitan (Hidden Christians), Ban (Edict of Expulsion), Tenshō (a type of decorative mirror with hidden Christian symbolism), Omizutori (ritual purification with water), Kasutera (Portuguese sponge cake), Butsudan (Buddhist altar used by Hidden Christians), Higaeshi (a traditional Japanese house design feature used for concealment).

I. Introduction: A Region Steeped in Faith and Persecution

The video begins by establishing Nagasaki Prefecture, particularly the area west of Japan, as a region uniquely marked by intense Christian persecution. Unlike anywhere else in the world, this area experienced brutal suppression, leading to the emergence of Kakure Kirishitan – Hidden Christians – who practiced their faith in secret for centuries. The journey focuses on locations within Nagasaki Prefecture that retain a deep connection to these communities and their enduring faith. The presenter expresses awe at the beauty of the region, noting the presence of a statue of St. Mary dedicated to the protection of fishermen.

II. The Historical Context: Introduction of Christianity and the Ban

Christianity was introduced to the region in the second half of the 16th century, quickly gaining a large following. However, in 1639, the Ban – an edict of expulsion – was issued, forcing Christians to renounce their faith or face severe consequences. This led to a period of intense persecution, driving the faith underground. The video highlights how the church, despite facing centuries of suppression, stands as a symbol of resilience and faith.

III. Encountering Local Traditions and the Symbolism of Architecture

The presenter encounters a local resident, Ms. Kanazawa, and engages in conversation about the local traditions. A key symbol of the Hidden Christians, the Tenshō – a decorative mirror – is discussed. It’s explained that these mirrors, often gifted during the New Year, served as a subtle expression of faith. The presenter learns that in Tsushima, these decorations are displayed year-round, a deliberate act to demonstrate faith and avoid suspicion from authorities.

The architecture of the churches is also noted. The pointed arches and windows are described as being in the Gothic style, symbolizing a reaching towards heaven. The presenter observes that even the act of stepping on the grounds of certain settlements was once a ritual, involving wearing new waraji (straw sandals) and purifying oneself with water upon returning home, confessing any wrongdoing.

IV. Preserving Faith Through Syncretism: Blending Christianity with Japanese Customs

A significant theme explored is the blending of Christian beliefs with traditional Japanese customs. The video demonstrates how Hidden Christians integrated their faith into everyday life to avoid detection. For example, the practice of worshipping ancestors at a Butsudan (Buddhist altar) was maintained, but subtly incorporated Christian elements. The presenter learns that while initial reservations existed regarding Shinto shrines, over time, they became integrated into the practice of faith, with prayers offered alongside traditional rituals.

The presenter observes a unique landscape where a church is visible from a bird’s vantage point, highlighting the hidden nature of these places of worship.

V. Local Cuisine and the Influence of Portuguese Traders

The video shifts to a local fish market, where the presenter learns about the unique characteristics of the local seafood. He samples Ariika (squid) marinated with citrus and sea salt, a flavor combination he finds surprisingly delicious. The seasoning, Tenshi, is made with seawater, reflecting the region’s maritime heritage. He then tries Saba (mackerel) prepared in a unique style, and Bai (a type of shellfish) whose shell resembles a butterfly, with the shell’s interior resembling a praying woman with a veil – a subtle representation of the Virgin Mary.

The presenter learns about Kasutera, a Portuguese sponge cake introduced by missionaries in 1550, which remains a local delicacy. The cake is described as delicate, with a subtle sweetness and a satisfying crunch.

VI. The Legacy of Hidden Christians: Camouflage and Resilience

The presenter visits a reconstructed farmhouse from around 150 years ago, showcasing how Hidden Christians concealed their faith. The Butsudan served as a focal point for ancestor worship, but also concealed religious artifacts. A hidden room, accessible through a seemingly ordinary room, housed a portrait of the Virgin Mary disguised as a Japanese woman, demonstrating the ingenuity of the Hidden Christians in camouflaging their beliefs.

The presenter examines an old coin from the Edo period, noting how quickly religious objects could be hidden upon the arrival of officials. He asks about the motivation for enduring centuries of risk to preserve their faith, learning that it provided hope and a belief that prayer could bring good fortune, especially during times of hardship.

VII. The Significance of the Cow’s Forest and Continued Tradition

The video concludes with a visit to “Usomori Dai,” a sacred grove where it was traditionally forbidden to cut down even a single branch. The presenter learns about a family who have been dedicated to the faith for generations, maintaining their traditions despite the risks. He observes a ritual where family members pray, subtly incorporating Christian symbolism into their actions. The presenter reflects on the importance of preserving faith and the power of belief in sustaining a community through adversity, suggesting that mutual understanding and tolerance are essential for peace.

VIII. Data and Statistics

• The video mentions that Tsushima Island currently has a population of just under 30,000.
• The introduction of Christianity dates back to the second half of the 16th century.
• The Ban was issued in 1639.

Notable Quote:

“全てを信じてその神々に守られてる。この家庭を守られてるって。それが 1 番幸せじゃないのかなと思いますよ。” (“Believing in everything and being protected by those gods. Being protected as a family. Isn’t that the greatest happiness?”) – Local resident, reflecting on the importance of faith.

Conclusion:

This video provides a compelling and detailed exploration of the Kakure Kirishitan and their remarkable resilience in the face of persecution. It highlights the unique ways in which they preserved their faith by blending it with Japanese traditions, utilizing subtle symbolism, and maintaining a strong sense of community. The journey through Nagasaki Prefecture reveals a landscape deeply marked by history, faith, and the enduring power of the human spirit. The video emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting diverse beliefs and the potential for peaceful coexistence.