COLORIMETRÍA. Teoría del Color. Explicación Fácil y Corta

Key Concepts:

• Color: Perception produced by the brain through sight.
• Colorimetry: Science studying the characteristics of colors.
• Chromatic Circle (Color Wheel): Visual representation of colors and their relationships.
• Color Scales: Variations of different tones that gradually increase or decrease.
• Hue (Matiz): Pure tone of a color.
• Saturation: Intensity of a hue.
• Luminosity: Level of light in a color.
• Analogous Colors: Groups of three adjacent colors on the color wheel.
• Complementary Colors: Colors opposite each other on the color wheel.
• Primary Colors: Colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors (red, yellow, blue).
• Secondary Colors: Colors created by mixing two primary colors (green, violet, orange).
• Tertiary Colors: Colors created by mixing a primary and a secondary color (e.g., yellow-green).
• Broken Colors (Colores Quebrados): Colors created by mixing a color with its complement.

1. Introduction to Color and Colorimetry

• Color is defined as a perception created by the brain and reflected through the sense of sight. This explains why color perception can vary among individuals.
• Sir Isaac Newton's discoveries about light being the source of color vision laid the foundation for the development of color theory.
• Colorimetry is defined as the science that studies the characteristics of colors to understand how to use them effectively.

2. Historical Development of Color Theory

• Moses Harris created the first chromatic circle (color wheel), proposing that all colors can be derived from three primary colors.
• Philip Otto Runge developed a color sphere to demonstrate how tones vary based on levels of light and darkness (represented by white and black).
• Runge's sphere illustrates that color variations are more clearly visible through color scales.

3. Color Scales

• Color scales are defined as variations of different tones that gradually increase or decrease.
• Three types of color scales are described:
  • Achromatic Scale (Grayscale): Varies only between black and white.
  • Monochromatic Scale: Variations of a single color.
  • Polychromatic Scale: Gradual variation between different colors (e.g., from blue to red).

4. Properties of Colors

• Three main properties of colors are defined:
  • Hue (Matiz): The pure tone of a color at its maximum purity, without shadows or highlights.
  • Saturation: The intensity of a hue; lower saturation results in more gray tones.
  • Luminosity: The level of light in a color, represented by white; lower luminosity results in a darker color.

5. Color Groups Based on the Color Wheel

• Two main color groups based on their position on the color wheel are discussed:
  • Analogous Colors: Groups of three colors consisting of a central color, one to its left, and one to its right.
    • Example: Analogous colors of yellow are yellow-green and yellow-orange.
    • Example: Analogous colors of violet are blue-violet and red-violet.
  • Complementary Colors: Colors that are directly opposite each other on the color wheel.
    • Example: Complementary color of yellow is violet.
    • Example: Complementary color of blue is orange.
    • Example: Complementary color of green is red.

6. Color Groups Based on Mixtures

• Four color groups based on their mixtures are described:
  • Primary Colors: Red, yellow, and blue, which are the foundation for all other colors.
  • Secondary Colors: Created by mixing two primary colors (e.g., yellow + blue = green).
  • Tertiary Colors: Created by mixing a primary and a secondary color (e.g., yellow + green = yellow-green).
  • Broken Colors (Colores Quebrados): Created by mixing a color with its complementary color, resulting in browns or muted tones.

7. Conclusion

• The video provides an introductory overview of colorimetry, covering basic concepts and principles.
• The presenter expresses hope to provide more detailed explanations in future videos.
• The video encourages viewers to practice and persevere in learning about color and art.