Bộ Tài chính đề xuất hộ kinh doanh được nộp thuế theo lợi nhuận | VTV24

Key Concepts:

• Thuế thu nhập cá nhân (Personal Income Tax - PIT)
• Hộ kinh doanh (Business Households)
• Ngưỡng miễn thuế (Tax Exemption Threshold)
• Thuế khoán (Lump-sum Tax)
• Kê khai (Declaration-based Tax)
• Doanh thu (Revenue)
• Chi phí (Costs)
• Lợi nhuận/Thu nhập (Profit/Income)
• Thuế suất (Tax Rate)
• Khấu trừ chi phí (Cost Deduction)

Proposed Changes to Personal Income Tax for Business Households

The Ministry of Finance is proposing significant amendments to the Personal Income Tax (PIT) law, aiming to shift the taxation of business households from a revenue-based system to a profit-based system for those exceeding the tax exemption threshold. This proposal has been developed in response to feedback from National Assembly deputies during recent discussions.

1. Shift to Profit-Based Taxation

• Current System: Business households with revenue exceeding the exemption threshold are currently taxed on their entire revenue.
• Proposed System: For business households with revenue exceeding the exemption threshold, tax will be calculated on their profit (revenue minus deductible costs).
• Rationale: This change is intended to ensure fairness and accurately reflect the actual business performance. As stated by a representative, "The draft law submitted will be applied according to the ratio for revenue. However, this time we also propose to apply the method of calculating based on income, meaning revenue minus costs. Those with more income will pay more, and those with less income will pay less. Even in cases where there is no income, no tax will be paid. This ensures fairness."
• Benefit: Allowing the deduction of input costs will be particularly beneficial for businesses with high expenses such as raw materials, rent, or labor. This will significantly reduce their tax burden, providing them with more resources for reinvestment, expansion, and business stabilization. The principle is to tax "correctly and fully" by deducting reasonable expenses before calculating PIT.

2. Revised Tax Rate for Profit-Based Taxation

• Proposed Rate: For business households with annual revenue below VND 3 billion, if they can determine their input costs, the tax rate will be 15% on their profit.
• Comparison: This 15% tax rate is equivalent to that applied to small and micro-enterprises.

3. Handling of Undetermined Costs

• Alternative: Business households that cannot determine their costs will continue to pay PIT based on a percentage of their revenue, ranging from 0.5% to 2% depending on the industry, as is the current practice.

4. Adjustment of Tax Exemption Threshold

• Current Proposal: The initial proposal for the annual tax exemption threshold for business households was VND 200 million.
• Ministry of Finance's Stance: The Ministry of Finance is researching an increase to this threshold to better align with current economic realities.
• Impact of Increased Threshold: A representative illustrated the benefit of an increased threshold: "For example, if the threshold is raised to 300 million VND, the first 300 million VND will not be taxed. The portion exceeding 300 million VND will then be taxed on that portion. This will significantly reduce the tax liability compared to before."

5. Transition from Lump-sum Tax to Declaration-based Tax

• Timeline: Starting from January 1st, millions of business households nationwide will transition from the lump-sum tax system to a declaration-based system.
• Expectations: This transition is expected to more accurately reflect income and promote fairness among business households.
• Challenges and Support: The transition requires business households to become familiar with record-keeping, invoices, and the transparency of their supply chains. These are not easy tasks to accomplish quickly. Therefore, tax authorities are committed to providing continued support, guidance, and favorable conditions to ensure a smooth and harmonious transition for both businesses and regulatory bodies.

Logical Connections and Synthesis

The proposed changes are interconnected. The shift to profit-based taxation is directly linked to the ability to deduct costs. The proposed 15% tax rate on profit is a specific application of this new methodology. The adjustment of the exemption threshold aims to provide a more generous starting point before profit-based taxation applies. The transition from lump-sum to declaration-based tax is a procedural change that enables the implementation of profit-based taxation and requires enhanced record-keeping. The overarching goal is to create a more equitable and accurate tax system for business households, aligning their tax obligations with their actual economic performance.

Conclusion

The Ministry of Finance's proposed amendments to the PIT law represent a significant move towards a more equitable and performance-based taxation system for business households. By shifting from taxing revenue to taxing profit, allowing for cost deductions, and potentially increasing the tax exemption threshold, the government aims to reduce the tax burden on businesses, encourage reinvestment, and ensure fairness. The transition to a declaration-based tax system, while presenting challenges, is a necessary step to facilitate these changes and requires strong support from tax authorities.