Bão mặt trời sẽ ảnh hưởng đến Việt Nam trong tháng 12 này như thế nào? | VTV24

Key Concepts

• Bão địa từ (Geomagnetic storm) / Bão mặt trời (Solar storm): A phenomenon caused by strong solar flares and the release of solar material that impacts Earth's magnetosphere, causing sudden changes in Earth's magnetic field.
• Từ quyển Trái Đất (Earth's magnetosphere): The region around Earth that is influenced by its magnetic field.
• Hạt vật chất (Material particles) / Luồng gió mặt trời (Solar wind) / Luồng plasma (Plasma streams): Ejected material from the Sun that travels through space.
• Tầng khí quyển bên trên (Upper atmosphere): The higher layers of Earth's atmosphere.
• Chu kỳ hoạt động mặt trời (Solar activity cycle): The approximately 11-year cycle of the Sun's magnetic activity.
• Cực đại hoạt động mặt trời (Solar maximum): The period of highest solar activity within a cycle.
• Google Trends: A tool that tracks the popularity of search queries on Google.
• Vệ tinh (Satellite): Artificial objects placed in orbit around Earth.
• Hệ thống định vị bằng vệ tinh (Satellite-based navigation systems): Systems like GPS that use satellites for positioning.
• Cực quang (Aurora): Natural light displays in the sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions.

Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Activity

Definition and Causes of Geomagnetic Storms

Geomagnetic storms, also referred to as solar storms, are a phenomenon of significant public interest, particularly due to international forecasts predicting moderate to strong geomagnetic storms in early December, with potential impacts on Vietnam. The term "solar storm" is often used interchangeably with "geomagnetic storm," though technically, geomagnetic storms are a consequence of solar storms.

Dr. Phạm Thị Thu Hồng from the Institute of Earth Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, explains that a geomagnetic storm occurs when strong solar flares and the release of solar material, or intense solar wind and plasma streams, impact Earth's magnetosphere. This interaction causes sudden and significant changes in Earth's magnetic field.

Impacts of Geomagnetic Storms

The primary impacts of geomagnetic storms on Earth, including Vietnam, are on technological systems. These can include:

• Disruption of communication signals: Loss of communication signals in high-frequency bands.
• Reduced satellite lifespan: Degradation of satellite components due to increased radiation.
• Decreased accuracy of satellite-based systems: Impairment of the precision of satellite augmentation systems and satellite navigation systems.

Debunking Misinformation and Rumors

The "December 12th Storm" Rumor

A prevalent rumor circulating on social media suggests that a powerful solar storm will hit Earth and Vietnam on December 12th. Dr. Hồng clarifies that there are currently no precise official announcements confirming a strong geomagnetic storm on December 12, 2025. The information circulating is largely based on social media rumors lacking scientific basis.

The "Seven Days and Seven Nights of Darkness" Hoax

Further rumors suggest that these storms could cause seven days and seven nights of darkness, prompting people to stockpile food. Dr. Hồng firmly refutes these claims as baseless rumors lacking scientific understanding of geomagnetic storms.

Supporting Evidence:

• Geomagnetic storms primarily affect Earth's magnetic field and the upper atmosphere.
• They can cause disruptions to radio signals and satellite accuracy.
• They can lead to auroras in high-latitude regions.
• Crucially, they do not cause prolonged darkness; the sun continues to shine during the day as usual.

Dr. Hồng urges the public to remain calm and not believe these unsubstantiated rumors.

Understanding Solar Cycles and Potential Health Impacts

Solar Activity Cycles

The Sun operates on an approximately 11-year cycle of activity. The year 2025 falls within the period of solar maximum for cycle 25, meaning it is a time of heightened solar activity, leading to a greater likelihood of solar and geomagnetic storms.

Potential Health Effects

While scientific confirmation is pending, some studies in Western countries suggest a correlation between geomagnetic storm days and adverse effects on individuals with cardiovascular conditions and high blood pressure.

Recommendations:

• Individuals with cardiovascular issues or high blood pressure are advised to take their medication regularly.
• Staying indoors during periods of heightened solar activity might be considered.
• Healthy individuals might experience mild fatigue, but significant issues are unlikely.

Dr. Hồng reiterates that these are potential observations and not definitive causes for alarm, emphasizing that the widespread rumors are unfounded.

Advice for the Public

Reassurance and Normalcy

Dr. Hồng assures the public that geomagnetic storms are not an exceptionally rare phenomenon and that Vietnam experiences them regularly. She advises everyone to remain calm, continue their normal lives, and disregard sensationalized or unverified information from social media.

The Role of Misinformation

The proliferation of information through modern communication channels, coupled with the misinterpretation of scientific data, can easily lead to widespread misunderstandings and subsequent behavioral changes.

Key Takeaway: Stay Calm and Informed

The overarching message is to remain calm and avoid unnecessary worry.

Conclusion and Official Information Sources

The conversation aims to provide a clearer understanding of geomagnetic storms, dispelling public anxiety stemming from unverified social media information. The most crucial advice is to always follow official news sources for accurate information and to proactively protect oneself from any unusual natural phenomena.

The program thanks Dr. Phạm Thị Thu Hồng for her participation and insights.