ARTS Grade 9 - NEOCLASSICISM & ROMANTICISM in the Philippines - Part 2 (3rd Quarter) - MAPEH

Key Concepts:

• Neoclassicism and Romanticism in Philippine Art
• Filipino artists: Felix Resurrection Hidalgo, Juan Luna, Fernando Amorsolo, Guillermo Tolentino, Napoleon Abueva
• Paintings, sculptures, and architectural structures reflecting these ideologies
• Philippine history and colonial oppression as themes in art

Neoclassicism and Romanticism in the Philippines

• The ideologies of neoclassicism and romanticism are evident in various Philippine artworks, including paintings, sculptures, and architectural structures.
• Filipino artists expressed their skills and ideas in their respective fields of specialization.

Famous Filipino Artists and Their Artworks

• Felix Resurrection Hidalgo:
  • One of the great Filipino painters of the late 19th century.
  • Significant in Philippine history for inspiring members of the Philippine reform movement.
  • Famous painting: Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacio (Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace).
  • The painting portrays two scantily clothed Christian female slaves being mocked by Roman male onlookers.
• Juan Luna:
  • Painter and sculptor, one of the first recognized Philippine artists.
  • Political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century.
  • Famous artwork: Spoliarium (Latin word referring to the basement of the coliseum where fallen gladiators were dumped).
  • The Spoliarium is interpreted as an allegory of imperial Rome corresponding to imperial Spain, symbolizing the colonial oppression of indigenous populations.
  • The painting shows how Filipinos were treated during Spanish colonization, forced to entertain oppressors and sacrifice themselves.
• Fernando Cueto Amorsolo:
  • National Artist in painting.
  • Portraitist and painter of rural Philippine landscapes.
  • Known for his craftsmanship and mastery of the use of light.
  • Famous painting: Planting Rice.
  • Planting Rice reflects the arrival of the Americans in the Philippines and the artist's idealism towards Philippine society.
  • It portrays happy Filipino villagers working together, with Mayon Volcano in the background.
• Guillermo Estrella Tolentino:
  • Filipino sculptor, named National Artist for the Visual Arts in 1973.
  • Hailed as the "Father of Philippine Arts."
  • Notable sculptures: The Oblation (University of the Philippines) and Pambansang Bantayog ni Andres Bonifacio (Caloocan).
  • The Oblation depicts a man facing upward with arms outstretched, symbolizing selfless offering to the country. Commissioned by Rafael Palma.
  • Pambansang Bantayog ni Andres Bonifacio commemorates Philippine revolutionary Andres Bonifacio.
• Napoleon Isabelo Veloso Abueva:
  • National Artist for Sculpture, "Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture."
  • The only Boholano to receive the distinction of National Artist in visual arts.
  • Famous work: Kaganapan or Sham Nadwata nang Sining.
  • Sham Nadwata nang Sining represents the nine muses of art: architecture, dance, film, literature, music, painting, photography, sculpture, and theater.

Neoclassical and Romantic Architecture During American Colonization

• Based on an article by R.J. Chan and Associates, there were neoclassical and romantic architectural structures built during the American colonization in the Philippines.

Conclusion

The lesson covered the influence of neoclassicism and romanticism in Philippine art, highlighting the works of prominent Filipino artists like Hidalgo, Luna, Amorsolo, Tolentino, and Abueva. Their paintings and sculptures often reflected themes of colonial oppression, national identity, and the beauty of the Philippine landscape. The lesson also touched on the architectural influences during the American colonization period.