All Important Current Affairs for CDS 1 2025 | NDA 1 2025 in one Class by Vaishalli ( AIR 26 )

Key Concepts

Critical Minerals Cooperation: India-US collaboration on lithium and rare earth elements.
Defense and Trade Ties: Strengthening India-US defense cooperation and trade technology ties.
National Emergency: Declared in Ecuador due to wildfires.
International Solar Alliance: Armenia becomes the 104th full member.
Zero Carbon City: India supporting the development of a zero-carbon city in Bhutan.
National Boundary Redrawing: Switzerland and Italy redrawing boundaries due to glacial melting.
Space Exploration: India-Australia cooperation in space exploration and debris management.
Women in Peacekeeping: First-ever conference on women peacekeepers in UN missions held in New Delhi.
Developing-8 Organization: 11th summit meeting hosted in Cairo, Egypt, focusing on economic cooperation.
UN Convention to Combat Desertification: 16th Conference of Parties (COP 16) held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA): 16th GRIHA summit held in New Delhi, focusing on climate action in the built environment.
Asian Buddhist Summit: Hosted in New Delhi by the Ministry of Culture and International Buddhist Confederation.
G20 Summit: 19th summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, focusing on social inclusion and fighting hunger and poverty.
Genomic Data Portal: Indian Biological Data Center launched to provide access to genomic data for researchers.
Crops Experiment: ISRO mission successfully germinating cowpea seeds in space.
Telescopes: MeerKAT telescope discovers a new giant radio galaxy; NASA launching the SPHEREx space telescope.
Communication Satellite: India's GSAT-20 to be launched by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
Antibiotic: India's first indigenously produced antibiotic, Nephro মাইcin, targeting antimicrobial resistance.
X-ray Polarimetry Explorer: Joint mission between NASA and the Italian Space Agency.
Chandip Virus Outbreak: WHO declares the largest outbreak in India in 20 years.
Women in Space Leadership Program: Launched by the Department of Science and Technology with the British Council.
Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE): Inaugurated in Hanle, Ladakh, observing high-energy gamma rays.
Proba-3 Mission: European Space Agency mission to be launched by India to study the Sun's corona.
Anti-Matter: Scientists detect the heaviest anti-matter nucleus, anti-hyper hydrogen-4.
Pushpak Reusable Landing: Demonstrated by ISRO.
Mount Etna: UNESCO World Heritage Site and Europe's tallest active volcano erupts.
Ring of Fire: Region of high volcanic and seismic activity.
Sagar Island: Famous for the Ganga Sagar Fair and experiencing climate change impacts.
Kalpeni Island: Site of a 17th-century European warship wreck discovery.
Delft Island: Largest island in the Palk Strait, where Indian fishermen were arrested.
Kerch Strait: Site of an oil spill from a Russian oil tanker, connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
Kalathia Bay: Designated as a major port in Great Nicobar Island, to be developed under a PPP model.
Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki: Active stratovolcano in Indonesia that recently erupted.
Glacial Lake Expansion: India facing a threat as glacial lakes and water bodies expand, according to a Central Water Commission report.
Yala Glacier: Located in Nepal's Langtang Valley, projected to disappear.
U Shikara: First water transport surface launched on Dal Lake in Srinagar.
Kana Tiger Reserve and Achanakmar Tiger Reserve: Tiger travels between these reserves.
Z-Morh Tunnel: Connects Gagangir and Naranag in Jammu and Kashmir.
e-Shram Portal: Launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment to support the unorganized workforce.
Drylands Initiative: Launched at COP 16 of UNCCD in Riyadh, aiming to enhance food security and conserve biodiversity.
Desh ka Prakriti Parikshan Abhiyan: Health awareness campaign launched by the Ministry of AYUSH.
Justice Sanjiv Khanna: Appointed as the 51st Chief Justice of India.
The Writers Village: New cultural initiative in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, promoting literary and cultural exchange.
Air Shed Based Approach: Uttar Pradesh becomes the first state in India to adopt this approach for clean air projects.
Tharu Tribe: Residing near the Indo-Nepal border, benefiting from the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
Katkari Tribe: Found in Maharashtra and Gujarat, recognized as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.
SWIFT Project: Aims to rejuvenate 129 wetlands (beels) in Assam, in partnership with the Asian Development Bank.
Bharatiya Bhasha Pustak Scheme: Aims to provide digital textbooks in Indian languages.
PM Ajay Scheme: By the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, aiming to reduce poverty and improve the socio-economic conditions of Scheduled Castes.
Market Intervention Scheme (MIS): Part of PM-AASHA, ensuring fair prices for farmers, especially for perishable produce.
NAMASTE Scheme: National Action for Mechanized Sanitation Ecosystem, ensuring dignity and safety for sanitation workers.
PM-WANI Scheme: By the Department of Telecommunications, expanding public Wi-Fi hotspots in rural areas.
PM SVANidhi Scheme: Providing micro-credit loans to street vendors, under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
PM Young Achievers Scholarship Award: Supporting students from OBC, EBC, and DNT categories.
Nishtha Scheme: National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers Holistic Advancement, a teacher training program.
Tuticorin Port: In Tamil Nadu, experiencing a significant increase in cargo handling capacity, becoming India's 12th major port.
SAAR Initiative: Associated with the Smart City Mission, involving assessment of projects by major institutions.
Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana and Krishi Unnati Yojana: Schemes created to boost the agriculture sector.
Pradhan Mantri Van Bandhu Kalyan Yojana: Empowering tribal communities and promoting sustainable development.
PME Drive Scheme: Promoting local manufacturing of electric vehicles, by the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
Nikshay Poshan Yojana: Supporting TB patients with increased monthly nutrition support.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM): Reducing diesel usage in farming and ensuring water and energy requirements for farmers.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana: Providing social security to small and marginal farmers through an old-age pension program.
PM Kisan Nidhi Scheme: Providing financial support to farmers, distributed in three installments annually.
BrhMos Missile Export: India finalizing a deal to export BrhMos missiles to Indonesia.
Search and Rescue Aid Tool (SARAT): Developed by INCOIS to enhance the efficiency of search and rescue operations.
Maritime Partnership for Peace and Stability: Theme of the International Fleet Review.
Exercise Komodo: Hosted in Indonesia, with participation from the Indian Navy.
INS Surveyakshak: Deployed to Port Louis, Mauritius, to conduct hydrographic surveys.
INS Surat: India's first warship equipped with artificial intelligence solutions.
INSV Tarini: Successfully completed Navika Sagar Parikrama II expedition.
Exercise Sea Vigil: A large-scale coastal defense exercise conducted by the Indian Navy.
Army Tactical Missile System (ATMS): Surface-to-surface artillery weapon system.
Exercise Harimau Shakti: Joint military exercise between India and Malaysia.
Zorawar Tank: First phase of firing trials completed, developed by DRDO.
Squadron Leader Mohana Singh: First woman fighter pilot to fly the LCA Tejas.
Light Weight Bullet Proof Jacket (ABHED): Developed by DRDO and IIT Delhi using polymer and indigenous boron carbide ceramic material.
INS Shardul and ICGS Veera: Visited Iran as part of India's first training squadron.
Exercise Mitra Shakti: Joint military exercise between the Indian and Sri Lankan armies.
INS Malpe and INS Mulki: Anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft vessels.
Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile (VL-SRSAM): Successfully tested by the Indian Navy and DRDO.
Nagastra-1: Man-portable suicide drone procured by the Indian Army.
MRMOCR: Handed over by DRDO to the Indian Navy.
Pralay Missile: Short-range quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile, with a range of 350-500 km.
Khan Quest: Multi-military exercise in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, with Indian Army participation.
Rudram-1: India's first indigenous anti-radiation missile, developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force.
Dr. V. Narayanan: New Chairman of ISRO.
INCOIS: Selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar.
Shri Rajagopala Chidambaram: Former Chairman of BARC, played a key role in India's nuclear weapon program.
Bhubaneswar: Venue of the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention.
Kanyakumari: Site of India's first glass over bridge.
Bunta: Site of a collision between an LPG tanker and other vehicles on the Jaipur-Ajmer highway.
Pangong Tso: Lake in Ladakh where a statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was installed.
Bald Eagle: Officially recognized as the national bird of the United States of America.
Switzerland: Suspended the Most Favored Nation clause to India.
Cyclone Hidaya: Strong tropical cyclone that caused significant damage in the French overseas territory of Mayotte.
Ratapani Tiger Reserve: Named as the 57th tiger reserve of India, located in Madhya Pradesh.
Zakir Hussain: Famous tabla player who passed away.
SPADEX Mission: With successful completion of this mission, India becomes the fourth country in the world to achieve space docking.
Orbital: Science fiction novel by Samantha Harvey, awarded the Booker Prize.
Antariksh Abhyas 2024: Space table-top exercise conducted by the Defence Space Agency.
Daniel Barenboim and Ali Abu Awwad: Awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development.
Pandit Ram Narayan: Renowned Sarangi player who passed away.
Rio de Janeiro: Venue of the G20 Summit.
WISA Woodsat: World's first satellite made of wood.
Harmanpreet Singh and PR Sreejesh: Indian hockey players awarded FIH Player of the Year and Goalkeeper of the Year, respectively.
Rajgir, Bihar: Venue of the 2024 Women's Asian Champions Trophy (Hockey), won by India.
Philippines: Country where a statue of Tamil poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar was inaugurated.
Surajkund Craft Mela 2024: Organized in Faridabad with BIMSTEC nations.
Empowering Indian Youth for Global Leadership in Science Innovation for Viksit Bharat: Theme of National Science Day.
Mohammed Rafi: Commemorative coin released to celebrate the birth anniversary of the famous Hindi playback singer.
16: Total number of languages to which translation service support is provided in Lok Sabha.
Paris: Venue of the AI Action Summit.
Vijay Durg: Renamed name of Fort William in Kolkata.
38th National Games: Hosted in [Location not specified in transcript], with Services winning the first rank.
Yelahanka Air Force Base, Bengaluru: Venue of the 15th edition of Aero India.

Main Topics and Key Points

India-US Cooperation

TRUST Initiative: Launched to boost cooperation in critical minerals like lithium and rare earth elements. TRUST stands for Transforming Relationship Utilizing Strategic Technology.
COMPACT Initiative: Aims to catalyze opportunities for military partnership, accelerated commerce, and technology for the 21st century.
Mission 500: Aims for $500 billion in bilateral trade between India and the US by 2030.

International Affairs

Ecuador's National Emergency: Declared a 60-day national emergency to combat wildfires in El Cajas National Park due to prolonged drought.
International Solar Alliance: Armenia became the 104th full member.
India-Bhutan Cooperation: India supporting the development of a zero-carbon city in Bhutan.
Switzerland-Italy Boundary Redrawing: Redrawing national boundaries due to the melting of Alpine glaciers.
India-Australia Space Cooperation: MoU signed for a space mission, strengthening bilateral ties in space exploration and debris management.
Developing-8 Organization: The 11th summit meeting was hosted in Cairo, Egypt, focusing on economic cooperation. Member countries include Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, Iran, Nigeria, and Turkey.
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD): The 16th Conference of Parties (COP 16) was held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
G20 Summit: The 19th summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, focusing on social inclusion and fighting hunger and poverty.

Science and Technology

Indian Biological Data Center: A portal launched to provide access to genomic data for researchers.
Crops Experiment: ISRO mission successfully germinating cowpea seeds in space.
MeerKAT Telescope: Discovered a new giant radio galaxy.
SPHEREx Telescope: NASA is launching a space telescope to explore the universe's origin.
GSAT-20: India's communication satellite to be launched by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
Nephro মাইcin: India's first indigenously produced antibiotic targeting antimicrobial resistance.
X-ray Polarimetry Explorer: A joint mission between NASA and the Italian Space Agency.
MACE Telescope: Inaugurated in Hanle, Ladakh, observing high-energy gamma rays.
Proba-3 Mission: European Space Agency mission to be launched by India to study the Sun's corona.
Anti-Hyper Hydrogen-4: Scientists detected the heaviest anti-matter nucleus.
Pushpak Reusable Landing: Demonstrated by ISRO.

Environment and Geography

Mount Etna: UNESCO World Heritage Site and Europe's tallest active volcano erupts.
Sagar Island: Famous for the Ganga Sagar Fair and experiencing climate change impacts.
Kalpeni Island: Site of a 17th-century European warship wreck discovery.
Delft Island: Largest island in the Palk Strait, where Indian fishermen were arrested.
Kerch Strait: Site of an oil spill from a Russian oil tanker, connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.
Kalathia Bay: Designated as a major port in Great Nicobar Island, to be developed under a PPP model.
Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki: Active stratovolcano in Indonesia that recently erupted.
Glacial Lake Expansion: India facing a threat as glacial lakes and water bodies expand, according to a Central Water Commission report.
Yala Glacier: Located in Nepal's Langtang Valley, projected to disappear.

National Initiatives and Schemes

e-Shram Portal: Launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment to support the unorganized workforce.
Drylands Initiative: Launched at COP 16 of UNCCD in Riyadh, aiming to enhance food security and conserve biodiversity.
Desh ka Prakriti Parikshan Abhiyan: Health awareness campaign launched by the Ministry of AYUSH.
The Writers Village: New cultural initiative in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, promoting literary and cultural exchange.
Air Shed Based Approach: Uttar Pradesh becomes the first state in India to adopt this approach for clean air projects.
PM Ajay Scheme: By the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, aiming to reduce poverty and improve the socio-economic conditions of Scheduled Castes.
Market Intervention Scheme (MIS): Part of PM-AASHA, ensuring fair prices for farmers, especially for perishable produce.
NAMASTE Scheme: National Action for Mechanized Sanitation Ecosystem, ensuring dignity and safety for sanitation workers.
PM-WANI Scheme: By the Department of Telecommunications, expanding public Wi-Fi hotspots in rural areas.
PM SVANidhi Scheme: Providing micro-credit loans to street vendors, under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
PM Young Achievers Scholarship Award: Supporting students from OBC, EBC, and DNT categories.
Nishtha Scheme: National Initiative for School Heads and Teachers Holistic Advancement, a teacher training program.
PME Drive Scheme: Promoting local manufacturing of electric vehicles, by the Ministry of Heavy Industries.
Nikshay Poshan Yojana: Supporting TB patients with increased monthly nutrition support.
PM Kisan Nidhi Scheme: Providing financial support to farmers, distributed in three installments annually.

Defense and Security

BrhMos Missile Export: India finalizing a deal to export BrhMos missiles to Indonesia.
Exercise Komodo: Hosted in Indonesia, with participation from the Indian Navy.
INS Surveyakshak: Deployed to Port Louis, Mauritius, to conduct hydrographic surveys.
INS Surat: India's first warship equipped with artificial intelligence solutions.
Exercise Sea Vigil: A large-scale coastal defense exercise conducted by the Indian Navy.
Army Tactical Missile System (ATMS): Surface-to-surface artillery weapon system.
Exercise Harimau Shakti: Joint military exercise between India and Malaysia.
Zorawar Tank: First phase of firing trials completed, developed by DRDO.
Squadron Leader Mohana Singh: First woman fighter pilot to fly the LCA Tejas.
Light Weight Bullet Proof Jacket (ABHED): Developed by DRDO and IIT Delhi using polymer and indigenous boron carbide ceramic material.
INS Shardul and ICGS Veera: Visited Iran as part of India's first training squadron.
Exercise Mitra Shakti: Joint military exercise between the Indian and Sri Lankan armies.
INS Malpe and INS Mulki: Anti-submarine warfare shallow watercraft vessels.
Vertical Launch Short Range Surface to Air Missile (VL-SRSAM): Successfully tested by the Indian Navy and DRDO.
Nagastra-1: Man-portable suicide drone procured by the Indian Army.
Pralay Missile: Short-range quasi-ballistic surface-to-surface missile, with a range of 350-500 km.
Rudram-1: India's first indigenous anti-radiation missile, developed by DRDO for the Indian Air Force.

Awards and Recognition

INCOIS: Selected for the Subhash Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar.
Harmanpreet Singh and PR Sreejesh: Indian hockey players awarded FIH Player of the Year and Goalkeeper of the Year, respectively.
Daniel Barenboim and Ali Abu Awwad: Awarded the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament, and Development.

Miscellaneous

WHO declares Chandip virus outbreak: WHO declares the largest outbreak in India in 20 years.
SPADEX Mission: With successful completion of this mission, India becomes the fourth country in the world to achieve space docking.
WISA Woodsat: World's first satellite made of wood.

Important Examples, Case Studies, or Real-World Applications Discussed

El Cajas National Park Wildfires: Example of the impact of prolonged drought leading to a national emergency in Ecuador.
Alpine Glacier Melting: Illustrates the impact of climate change on national boundaries, requiring Switzerland and Italy to redraw their borders.
Oil Spill in Kerch Strait: Highlights the environmental risks associated with maritime transport and the importance of strategic waterways.
Tiger Movement between Reserves: The case of a tiger traveling between Kana and Achanakmar Tiger Reserves demonstrates the importance of wildlife corridors and conservation efforts.
Tharu Tribe and PM Awas Yojana: Illustrates how government schemes are targeting specific vulnerable communities to improve their living conditions.
Street Vendors and PM SVANidhi Scheme: Shows how micro-credit loans are helping street vendors recover from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
BrhMos Missile Export to Indonesia: Demonstrates India's growing role as a defense exporter and its strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific region.

Step-by-Step Processes, Methodologies, or Frameworks Explained

Air Shed Based Approach: Adopted by Uttar Pradesh for clean air projects, focusing on managing air quality within a defined geographical area.
Market Intervention Scheme (MIS): A mechanism to prevent distress selling by farmers, ensuring they receive fair prices for their produce.
NAMASTE Scheme: Aims to provide dignity, safety, and sustainable livelihoods for sanitation workers through a joint initiative by two ministries.

Key Arguments or Perspectives Presented, with Their Supporting Evidence

The Importance of India-US Cooperation: The TRUST and COMPACT initiatives highlight the strategic importance of collaboration in critical minerals, defense, and technology to achieve mutual economic and security goals.
The Impact of Climate Change: The melting of Alpine glaciers and the expansion of glacial lakes in India serve as evidence of the tangible effects of climate change on geography and water resources.
The Need for Social Security for Farmers: The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana underscores the importance of providing social security to small and marginal farmers, who are often vulnerable to economic hardship.

Notable Quotes or Significant Statements with Proper Attribution

"Transforming Relationship Utilizing Strategic Technology" - Full form of TRUST initiative.
"Catalyzing Opportunities for Military Partnership Accelerated Commerce and Technology for 21st Century" - Full form of COMPACT initiative.
"Security and Growth for All in Region" - India's vision for international relations, known as SAGAR.

Technical Terms, Concepts, or Specialized Vocabulary with Brief Explanations

Critical Minerals: Minerals essential for modern technologies and industries, such as lithium and rare earth elements.
Bilateral Trade: Trade between two countries.
Prolonged Drought: An extended period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water scarcity and environmental stress.
Zero Carbon City: A city designed to minimize its carbon footprint and achieve carbon neutrality.
Alpine Glaciers: Glaciers located in high mountain ranges, such as the Alps.
Commercial Arm: A division of a space agency responsible for commercializing space technologies and services.
Space Exploration: The investigation of celestial bodies and outer space through manned and unmanned missions.
Debris Management: Efforts to track and remove space debris to ensure the safety of space missions.
Peacekeeping: Activities aimed at maintaining peace and security in conflict zones.
Economic Cooperation: Collaboration between countries to promote economic growth and development.
Desertification: The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Habitat Assessment: Evaluation of the quality and suitability of a habitat for supporting biodiversity.
Genomic Data: Information about the complete set of genes in an organism.
Anti-Matter: Matter composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as ordinary particles but opposite charge.
Ring of Fire: A region around the Pacific Ocean characterized by frequent volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Stratovolcano: A conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.
Glacial Lakes: Lakes formed by the melting of glaciers.
Unorganized Workforce: Workers who are not part of the formal economy and lack job security and benefits.
Drylands: Arid and semi-arid regions characterized by low rainfall and limited water resources.
Social Security: Government programs that provide financial assistance and support to individuals and families.
Distress Selling: Selling goods at a lower price than their actual value due to urgent need or fear of spoilage.
Perishable Farm Produce: Agricultural products that spoil quickly, such as fruits and vegetables.
Mechanized Sanitation: The use of machines and technology to improve sanitation services.
Micro-Credit Loans: Small loans provided to individuals or small businesses, often in developing countries.
Indigenously Made: Products or technologies developed and manufactured within a country.
Anti-Radiation Missile: A missile designed to target and destroy enemy radar systems.
Space Docking: The process of connecting two spacecraft in orbit.
Commemorative Coin: A coin issued to celebrate a special event or person.

Logical Connections Between Different Sections and Ideas

The discussion of India-US cooperation in critical minerals (TRUST Initiative) logically connects to the broader theme of strengthening bilateral relations and promoting economic growth.
The mention of glacial lake expansion in India is linked to the discussion of climate change and its impact on geography and water resources.
The various government schemes discussed, such as PM SVANidhi and PM Kisan Nidhi, are connected by their common goal of providing financial assistance and social security to vulnerable populations.
The discussion of defense exercises and missile systems is linked to the broader theme of India's national security and its efforts to modernize its armed forces.

Data, Research Findings, or Statistics Mentioned

$500 billion: The target for bilateral trade between India and the US by 2030.
11%: The percentage by which glacial lakes and water bodies in India have expanded since 2011, according to a Central Water Commission report.
₹3000: The monthly pension provided to farmers under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana.
₹6000: The annual financial support provided to farmers under the PM Kisan Nidhi scheme, distributed in three installments.
154%: The increase in cargo handling capacity at Tuticorin Port in the past nine years.

A Brief Synthesis/Conclusion of the Main Takeaways

The transcript covers a wide range of current affairs topics relevant to the CDS and NDA exams, including international relations, science and technology, environment, national initiatives, defense, and awards. Key takeaways include the importance of India-US cooperation, the impact of climate change, the various government schemes aimed at supporting vulnerable populations, and India's efforts to modernize its armed forces. The transcript also highlights several important events, such as the G20 Summit, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, and various defense exercises. Overall, the transcript provides a comprehensive overview of important current affairs topics that are likely to be tested in the CDS and NDA exams.