A história da guerra dos navegadores - TecMundo
By TecMundo
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Key Concepts:
- Browser War (First and Second Editions)
- Netscape Navigator
- NCSA Mosaic
- Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
- Antitrust Lawsuit
- AOL Acquisition of Netscape
- Mozilla Firefox
- Google Chrome
- Microsoft Edge
- Market Share
- Innovation
- Open Source
1. Introduction to the Browser War
- The browser war refers to the competition between web browsers in the online market.
- There were two major editions of the browser war, each marked by intense competition and significant changes in the industry.
2. The First Browser War: Netscape vs. Internet Explorer
- Context: The commercial Internet was emerging in the mid-1990s.
- Netscape Navigator:
- Launched by Netscape Communications, founded by Mark Andreessen and others who previously worked on NCSA Mosaic.
- Netscape Navigator capitalized on the commercial potential of the web, introducing features like cookies, custom fonts, and background colors.
- Achieved nearly 80% market share.
- In August 1995, Netscape's IPO valued the company at $2 billion.
- Microsoft's Entry:
- Bill Gates initially underestimated the Internet's potential.
- Microsoft recognized Netscape's threat and initiated a meeting with Netscape, which Netscape described as hostile.
- Microsoft's response was a memo called "the tsunami on the Internet"
- Microsoft launched Internet Explorer (IE) as part of the Windows 95 Plus! Pack, integrating the browser with the operating system.
- Microsoft's Tactics:
- IE was offered for free as a download.
- Microsoft engaged in a large marketing campaign for IE.
- Microsoft allegedly delivered a large IE logo to Netscape's office.
- Market Share Battle:
- Initially, Netscape held a significant lead (72% vs. IE's 18%).
- Antitrust Lawsuit:
- In 1998, the U.S. government filed an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft, accusing the company of monopolistic practices.
- The lawsuit centered on Microsoft's bundling of IE with Windows, making it difficult for competitors to compete.
- Bill Gates was deposed and considered evasive in his responses.
- Microsoft was convicted of a monopoly, but the decision was appealed.
- The case dragged on until 2002, resulting in an agreement that required Microsoft to share its APIs and monitor its practices.
- Netscape's Decline:
- In 1998, AOL acquired Netscape.
- AOL's management of Netscape was unsuccessful.
- In 2001, AOL merged with Warner, further diminishing Netscape's importance.
- The Netscape brand ceased to exist in 2008.
- Internet Explorer's Dominance:
- By 2002, Internet Explorer held 96% of the browser market.
3. The Second Browser War: The Rise of New Competitors
- Mozilla Firefox:
- Emerged from the ashes of Netscape.
- Launched in November 2004.
- Gained traction as a competitor to Internet Explorer.
- By the end of 2008, Firefox had 20.78% of the market share, compared to IE's 71.99%.
- Opera:
- Introduced innovations like tabbed browsing.
- Became free in 2005, but it was too late to significantly impact the market.
- Google Chrome:
- Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine (originally developed by Apple).
- Launched in September 2008.
- Eric Schmidt initially hesitated to approve the browser.
- Chrome was developed with over 25 partner code libraries and open-source code.
- Gained 1% of the market share on its first day.
- Market Share Shifts:
- In 2009/2010, Firefox gained some ground, with version 3.5 becoming widely used.
- Chrome rapidly gained market share, surpassing Firefox in mid-2011 and Internet Explorer in 2012.
- Internet Explorer's market share declined from 50% in October 2010.
- Microsoft's Response: Microsoft Edge
- In March 2015, Microsoft retired Internet Explorer to launch Microsoft Edge (codenamed "Spartan").
- Edge aimed to offer improved visuals, functions, and performance.
4. Current Browser Landscape
- Market Share (June 2018):
- Chrome: 62%
- Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge combined: 16.5%
- Firefox: 10%
- Opera: 1.5%
- Mobile Market:
- Chrome dominates the mobile browser market, with three times the usage of Safari.
- Firefox and Microsoft Edge have niche mobile presence.
5. The End of the Browser War?
- The speaker suggests that the browser war may be over, with Chrome holding a comfortable lead.
- Chrome focuses on incremental updates to avoid disrupting its user base.
- Firefox continues to innovate, but its efforts have not led to a major shift in market share.
- Microsoft Edge has not significantly impacted the market, remaining the default browser on new or formatted machines.
- Opera and Safari remain outside the top tier of browsers.
- The speaker notes that there are no indications of a new browser emerging to challenge the status quo.
6. Conclusion
- The browser war was a significant event that shaped the Internet landscape.
- The competition between browsers led to innovation and advancements in web technology.
- The current browser market is dominated by Chrome, with other browsers playing smaller roles.
- It is uncertain whether a third major browser war will occur.
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