A história da guerra dos navegadores - TecMundo

By TecMundo

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Key Concepts:

  • Browser War (First and Second Editions)
  • Netscape Navigator
  • NCSA Mosaic
  • Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
  • Antitrust Lawsuit
  • AOL Acquisition of Netscape
  • Mozilla Firefox
  • Google Chrome
  • Microsoft Edge
  • Market Share
  • Innovation
  • Open Source

1. Introduction to the Browser War

  • The browser war refers to the competition between web browsers in the online market.
  • There were two major editions of the browser war, each marked by intense competition and significant changes in the industry.

2. The First Browser War: Netscape vs. Internet Explorer

  • Context: The commercial Internet was emerging in the mid-1990s.
  • Netscape Navigator:
    • Launched by Netscape Communications, founded by Mark Andreessen and others who previously worked on NCSA Mosaic.
    • Netscape Navigator capitalized on the commercial potential of the web, introducing features like cookies, custom fonts, and background colors.
    • Achieved nearly 80% market share.
    • In August 1995, Netscape's IPO valued the company at $2 billion.
  • Microsoft's Entry:
    • Bill Gates initially underestimated the Internet's potential.
    • Microsoft recognized Netscape's threat and initiated a meeting with Netscape, which Netscape described as hostile.
    • Microsoft's response was a memo called "the tsunami on the Internet"
    • Microsoft launched Internet Explorer (IE) as part of the Windows 95 Plus! Pack, integrating the browser with the operating system.
  • Microsoft's Tactics:
    • IE was offered for free as a download.
    • Microsoft engaged in a large marketing campaign for IE.
    • Microsoft allegedly delivered a large IE logo to Netscape's office.
  • Market Share Battle:
    • Initially, Netscape held a significant lead (72% vs. IE's 18%).
  • Antitrust Lawsuit:
    • In 1998, the U.S. government filed an antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft, accusing the company of monopolistic practices.
    • The lawsuit centered on Microsoft's bundling of IE with Windows, making it difficult for competitors to compete.
    • Bill Gates was deposed and considered evasive in his responses.
    • Microsoft was convicted of a monopoly, but the decision was appealed.
    • The case dragged on until 2002, resulting in an agreement that required Microsoft to share its APIs and monitor its practices.
  • Netscape's Decline:
    • In 1998, AOL acquired Netscape.
    • AOL's management of Netscape was unsuccessful.
    • In 2001, AOL merged with Warner, further diminishing Netscape's importance.
    • The Netscape brand ceased to exist in 2008.
  • Internet Explorer's Dominance:
    • By 2002, Internet Explorer held 96% of the browser market.

3. The Second Browser War: The Rise of New Competitors

  • Mozilla Firefox:
    • Emerged from the ashes of Netscape.
    • Launched in November 2004.
    • Gained traction as a competitor to Internet Explorer.
    • By the end of 2008, Firefox had 20.78% of the market share, compared to IE's 71.99%.
  • Opera:
    • Introduced innovations like tabbed browsing.
    • Became free in 2005, but it was too late to significantly impact the market.
  • Google Chrome:
    • Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine (originally developed by Apple).
    • Launched in September 2008.
    • Eric Schmidt initially hesitated to approve the browser.
    • Chrome was developed with over 25 partner code libraries and open-source code.
    • Gained 1% of the market share on its first day.
  • Market Share Shifts:
    • In 2009/2010, Firefox gained some ground, with version 3.5 becoming widely used.
    • Chrome rapidly gained market share, surpassing Firefox in mid-2011 and Internet Explorer in 2012.
    • Internet Explorer's market share declined from 50% in October 2010.
  • Microsoft's Response: Microsoft Edge
    • In March 2015, Microsoft retired Internet Explorer to launch Microsoft Edge (codenamed "Spartan").
    • Edge aimed to offer improved visuals, functions, and performance.

4. Current Browser Landscape

  • Market Share (June 2018):
    • Chrome: 62%
    • Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge combined: 16.5%
    • Firefox: 10%
    • Opera: 1.5%
  • Mobile Market:
    • Chrome dominates the mobile browser market, with three times the usage of Safari.
    • Firefox and Microsoft Edge have niche mobile presence.

5. The End of the Browser War?

  • The speaker suggests that the browser war may be over, with Chrome holding a comfortable lead.
  • Chrome focuses on incremental updates to avoid disrupting its user base.
  • Firefox continues to innovate, but its efforts have not led to a major shift in market share.
  • Microsoft Edge has not significantly impacted the market, remaining the default browser on new or formatted machines.
  • Opera and Safari remain outside the top tier of browsers.
  • The speaker notes that there are no indications of a new browser emerging to challenge the status quo.

6. Conclusion

  • The browser war was a significant event that shaped the Internet landscape.
  • The competition between browsers led to innovation and advancements in web technology.
  • The current browser market is dominated by Chrome, with other browsers playing smaller roles.
  • It is uncertain whether a third major browser war will occur.

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