4 năm xung đột Ucraina | VTV24

Key Concepts

• Xung đột Nga-Ukraina: The ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, now in its fourth year.
• Đàm phán hòa bình (Peace Negotiations): Diplomatic efforts to reach a resolution to the conflict, involving Russia, Ukraine, the US, and NATO.
• Bảo đảm an ninh (Security Guarantees): Assurances for Ukraine’s future security, a central point of contention in negotiations.
• Nguyên nhân gốc rễ (Root Causes): Underlying issues driving the conflict, including security concerns and territorial disputes.
• Sáng kiến ngũ cốc biển đen (Black Sea Grain Initiative): A now-suspended agreement allowing for the export of Ukrainian grain, representing a rare diplomatic success.
• Lợi ích quốc gia (National Interests): The core priorities and objectives of Russia, which it states it will not compromise on.
• Cân bằng an ninh (Security Balance): The concept of maintaining stability and preventing dominance in European and global security.

Four Years of Conflict: A Summary of Recent Developments in Russia-Ukraine Peace Talks

This report details the current state of negotiations surrounding the four-year-long Russia-Ukraine conflict, outlining recent statements from key players and the challenges remaining in achieving a lasting peace. The situation has profoundly altered the security landscape in Europe and international relations, prompting renewed diplomatic efforts.

Current Diplomatic Efforts & Key Positions

Leaders from Russia, the United States, Ukraine, and NATO are actively engaging in discussions regarding potential negotiations and the conditions for a peace agreement. A central tenet of Russia’s position, as articulated, is the need to address the “root causes” of the conflict, ensuring legitimate Russian concerns are considered and restoring a “security balance” in Europe and globally. Russia also acknowledges the importance of guaranteeing Ukraine’s security, echoing a sentiment previously expressed by former US President Trump.

The US assessment suggests that the gap between the negotiating positions is narrowing, with only “one or two very thorny, very difficult” issues remaining. However, this assessment contrasts with the perspective of Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, who has indicated significant ongoing disagreements.

Progress & Obstacles in Negotiations

Recent talks, facilitated by the US in Switzerland on the 17th and 18th, were described as “difficult but professional” and yielded some “technical progress” without a major political breakthrough. This indicates a continued willingness to maintain dialogue, despite the complexities. A follow-up round of negotiations between Ukraine, Russia, and the US is planned for around the 26th and 27th of this month, contingent on final agreement from all delegations.

The issue of the Donbas region and territorial disputes remain particularly sensitive within the political groups involved, with no “constructive solution” yet found. The US is reportedly leading a peace process involving Russia and Ukraine, with a core component being “absolute recognition” from all parties that Ukraine requires “credible security guarantees” in the future.

Historical Context & Past Initiatives

The current efforts build upon a history of stalled negotiations. Direct talks resumed in Istanbul in February 2025 after a three-year hiatus, but failed to reach consensus on core issues. Earlier meetings between foreign ministers in Antalya (May 2022) and initial contacts in Belarus and Istanbul immediately following the conflict’s outbreak also offered initial hope, but were quickly derailed by escalating hostilities.

The Black Sea Grain Initiative, which allowed for the export of Ukrainian grain, stands out as a rare diplomatic success before Russia’s withdrawal in July 2023. This initiative demonstrated the potential for cooperation, even amidst conflict.

Key Disagreements & Future Outlook

The primary obstacles to a resolution remain disagreements over territory and long-term security guarantees. While the US believes the gap is closing, President Zelenskyy’s statements suggest substantial differences persist.

Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova reiterated Russia’s firm stance on not compromising its “national interests.” Experts anticipate that Russia will approach the new round of negotiations with strict conditions regarding territory, security, and strategic advantages. The US Ambassador to NATO emphasized that any agreement must be mutually acceptable to both Russia and Ukraine.

Notable Quote:

“Chúng ta có thể đang ở rất gần một thỏa thuận, có một hoặc hai vấn đề rất gai góc, rất khó khăn nhưng tôi nghĩ mọi việc đang tiến triển rất tốt.” – (We may be very close to an agreement, there are one or two very thorny, very difficult issues, but I think things are progressing very well.) – US Official (implied).

Technical Terms:

• NATO (Hiệp ước Bắc Đại Tế Dương): North Atlantic Treaty Organization – a military alliance of 32 North American and European countries.
• Đôn bát (Donbas): A region in eastern Ukraine, currently a focal point of conflict and territorial disputes.
• Sáng kiến ngũ cốc biển đen (Black Sea Grain Initiative): An agreement allowing for the export of Ukrainian grain through the Black Sea.

Synthesis & Conclusion

Despite ongoing challenges, the recent resumption of negotiations and the reported “technical progress” suggest that the door to diplomacy remains open. However, achieving a comprehensive agreement hinges on the political flexibility of both sides and the effective mediation of major powers. The core issues of territorial integrity and security guarantees continue to be significant hurdles, and Russia’s insistence on protecting its “national interests” adds further complexity. The situation remains fluid, and the prospect of a lasting peace remains uncertain.